消费扶贫到消费帮扶:减贫逻辑、实践困境和路径优化

Poverty Alleviation Through Consumption to Consumption Assistance:The Logic of Poverty Reduction,Practical Difficulties,and Route Optimization

消费扶贫在脱贫攻坚的实践中做出了重大贡献。步入新时期,消费扶贫升级为消费帮扶,继续发挥减少相对贫困和助力乡村振兴的重要作用。消费扶贫和消费帮扶一脉相承,但在减贫逻辑和实践困境上略有差别。消费扶贫的减贫逻辑是在社会公益、政策鼓励和消费需求的作用下,为贫困农户增收提供经济和人力资本支持,协助重构社会网络,塑造特色农产品品牌,激发扩散效应、存量效应和裂变效应。消费帮扶则注重脱贫地区社会资本积累、迎合市场调整产业和农产品供应链完善。在消费扶贫实践中,农产品供应失调、帮扶协作失序是扩散效应的困境,联结渠道缩窄、定向消费意愿抵触是存量效应的困境,扶贫农产品价高质劣、品牌竞争力弱是裂变效应的困境。而消费帮扶还面临农产品滞销监测困难、社会组织主动性弱和农村数字鸿沟等新挑战。为此,未来要坚持协同治理,提升资本水平;坚持农户主体,培育内生动能;坚持突出亮点,塑造特色品牌;持续推动消费帮扶的路径优化。

Poverty alleviation through consumption has made a significant contribution to the poverty alleviation.In the new era,consumption poverty alleviation has been upgraded to consumption assistance,which is still essential in reducing relative poverty and boosting rural revitalization.The relationship between consumption poverty alleviation and consumption assistance is the same strain,but there are some differences in poverty reduction logic,practical difficulties,and route optimization.Guided by public interest,policies,and consumer demand,the government and enterprises provide necessary economic and human capital support for the income increase of poor peasantry and reconstruct social resource networks and build regional agricultural products brands.Stimulating the diffusion,stock,and fission effects are the logic of poverty alleviation through consumption.Consumption assistance focuses on social capital accumulation,adjusting agricultural industries,and improving supply chains of agricultural products.The difficulties in the diffusion effect are the supply link imbalance of products and coordination disorder between help organizations.The difficulties in stock effect are the gradually narrowed connecting channels and conflict of consumption willingness caused by directional procurement.The difficulties in the fission effect are part of products of high price and low quality and weak brand competitiveness.The difficulties in monitoring unsalable agricultural products,a weak initiative of social organizations,and the digital divide in rural areas are new challenges to consumption assistance.We would adhere to co-governance and raise capital levels,stimulate the autonomy of peasantry and foster endogenous power,highlight features and build characteristic brands,which will continuously optimize the route of poverty reduction.