室内纱笼条件下不同蛋白饲粮对工蜂生理代谢的影响

Effects of different protein diets on the physiological metabolism of worker bees under indoor cage conditions

本文旨在探究不同蛋白饲粮对蜜蜂生长发育代谢的影响进而指导养蜂生产实践,试验选取刚出房的意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica 270头,分为3组,3个重复,每个重复30头工蜂,分别饲喂3种饲粮。对照组饲粮:蜂蜜∶蔗糖粉=1∶3;试验组A饲粮:花粉∶蜂蜜∶蔗糖粉=5∶1∶6;试验组B饲粮:蜂粮∶蜂蜜∶蔗糖粉=5∶1∶6。在纱笼内进行室内喂养,观察记录蜜蜂7 d内的存活情况;采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS)方法检测试验组A与B饲粮对饲喂5日龄蜜蜂的代谢差异,对数据进行模式识别分析,筛选鉴别差异代谢物。结果表明:饲喂试验组B饲粮的蜜蜂比试验组A蜜蜂存活时间显著增长(P<0.05);代谢组数据显示试验组A和B明显分离,共鉴定出15个差异代谢物,包括氨基酸、维生素、糖类等,其中11个差异代谢物下调,4个差异代谢物上调;代谢物通路分析差异显著有甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢通路,精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路,赖氨酸降解通路、戊糖磷酸通路(P<0.05)。说明在纱笼等特殊环境中,工蜂饲粮不可直接加入花粉,按照蜂粮∶蜂蜜∶蔗糖粉=5∶1∶6的比例混合制成的人工饲粮更适合蜜蜂生存。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of different protein diets on the growth,development and metabolism of bees and to guide the production practice of beekeeping.A total of 270 Italian bees(Apis mellifera ligustica)were selected,divided into 3 groups and three repetitions,each group of 30 workers bees.Diet for control group:Honey∶Sucrose powder=1∶3;Diet for the experimental group A:Pollen∶Honey∶Sucrose powder=5∶1∶6;Diet for the experimental group B:Bee bread∶Honey∶Sucrose powder=5∶1∶6.Used these 3 diets to feed indoors in a sarong,observed and recorded the survival of bees within 7 days;Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was used to detect the metabolic difference between the A and the B diet on bees after 5 days of feeding,performed pattern recognition analysis on the data to screen and identify different metabolites.The results showed that the survival time of bees fed experimental group B diet was significantly longer than that of experimental group A bees(P<0.05);the metabolome data showed that experimental group A and B were significantly separated.A total of 15 different metabolites were identified,including amino acids,vitamins,sugars and so on,of which 11 differential metabolites were down-regulated and 4 differential metabolites were up-regulated;significant differences in metabolite pathway analysis included glycine,serine and threonine metabolic pathways,arginine and proline metabolic pathways,lysine degradation pathways,and pentose phosphate pathways(P<0.05).It showed that in special environments such as sarongs,worker bee diets could not be directly added to pollen.The artificial diet made by mixing bee bread∶Honey∶Sucrose powder=5∶1∶6 was more suitable for the survival and development of bees.