贵州省东方蜜蜂Apis cerana线粒体DNA遗传多样性研究

Mitochondrial DNA diversity of Apis cerana in Guizhou Province

为探明贵州省东方蜜蜂Apis cerana遗传多样性及遗传分化现状,对贵州省9个地级市79个样点采集的东方蜜蜂样本线粒体DNA(mt DNA)COI-COII序列进行扩增与测序,分析其遗传多样性、遗传结构及亲缘关系。序列结果显示扩增后COI-COII序列长度约为760 bp,A+T平均含量(82.3%)明显高于C+G(17.7%),碱基偏移性明显。单倍型分析共发现33个单倍型,其中主体单倍型H1为9个地理群体共有。单倍型多样度分析表明平均单倍型多样度为0.802,其中黔南地区最高,遵义地区最低;平均核苷酸多样度为0.014,其中六盘水地区最高,黔西南及安顺地区最低。中性检验结果表明贵州省部分地区东方蜜蜂可能经历过群体扩张。9个地区样点的平均遗传距离介于0.0012~0.0044之间,其中毕节与黔东南地区间最大,为0.0044,安顺与黔南、遵义地区间最小,均为0.0012。在单倍型系统进化树中,79个样点东方蜜蜂可分为两个类群。研究结果为贵州省东方蜜蜂遗传分化研究、种质资源保护与开发利用提供参考依据。

To clarify the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Apis cerana in Guizhou Province,A.cerana mt DNA COⅠ-COⅡ of 79 locations from nine cities were amplified and sequenced,then genetic diversity,genetic structure and relationship were analyzed.The results of sequence analysis showed that the lengths of genes were 760 bp,and the base composition was obviously A+T biased,with the averaging value 82.3%.The haplotype analysis indicated that 33 haplotypes were found,of which the main haplotype H1 was shared by nine geographic groups.The nucleotide diversity indicated that the average haplotype diversity was 0.802,the highest in Qiannan region,the lowest in Zunyi region;and the average nucleotide diversity was 0.014,of which Liupanshui region was the highest,Qianxinan and Anshun regions were the lowest.The neutral test deemed that the populations of A.cerana may have expansion in some areas of Guizhou Province.The average genetic distance of 9 locations was 0.0012~0.0044,and the maximum was 0.0044 between Bijie and Qiandongnan,the minimum was 0.0012 among Anshun,Qiannan and Zunyi.In clustering tree of haplotype,A.cerana populations of 79 locations could be clustered into two groups.The above results provided a certain reference for genetic differentiation,protection of germplasm resources and utilization of A.cerana in Guizhou Province.