多糖与肠道菌群相互作用及其构效关系研究进展

Interaction between polysaccharide and intestinal flora and its structure-effect relationship:a review

肠道菌群是一个复杂的生态系统,影响宿主的饮食、疾病发展、药物代谢和免疫系统调节等诸多生理方面。多糖广泛存在于动物、植物及微生物中,具有多种生理活性。肠道菌群与多糖相互作用,消化难以消化的多糖,多糖作为肠道菌群的重要能量来源,促进益生菌增殖。肠道菌群紊乱导致疾病的发生,多糖通过调节肠道菌群改善疾病。随着“人类微生物组计划”的启动和国内外学者对肠道菌群的深入研究,多糖与肠道菌群的关系逐渐清晰,但多糖的结构与肠道菌群之间的关系还有待进一步探究。因此,本文综述了多糖与肠道菌群的相互作用,并通过调节肠道菌群的组成来改善疾病,以及从多糖的分子量、糖苷键、单糖组成三方面探讨多糖与肠道菌群的构效关系,同时对未来研究的方向进行展望,以期为治疗疾病的深入研究提供重要参照和建议。

Intestinal flora is a complex ecosystem which affects many aspects of human physiology,such as diet,disease development,drug metabolism,and immune system regulation.Ubiquitous in animals,plants,and microorganisms,polysaccharides have a variety of physiological activities.Intestinal flora interacts with polysaccharides and digests indigestible polysaccharides.Polysaccharides,which are an important energy source of intestinal flora,promote the proliferation of probiotics.Disorder of intestinal flora leads to the occurrence of diseases,and polysaccharides can alleviate the diseases by regulating intestinal flora.With the launch of Human Microbiome Project and the in-depth research on intestinal flora in China and abroad,relationship between polysaccharides and intestinal flora has been gradually elucidated.However,the relationship between intestinal flora and polysaccharide structure needs to be further explored.Therefore,this article summarized the interaction between polysaccharides and intestinal flora and the alleviation of diseases through regulating intestinal flora structure,and discussed the structure-activity relationship between polysaccharides and intestinal flora from the following aspects:molecular weight of polysaccharides,glycosidic bond,and monosaccharide composition.Moreover,we summed up the future research directions,hoping to provide a reference for further research on disease treatment.