河南省“7·20”特大暴雨灾害对居民心理健康的影响

Influence of "7·20" heavy rainstorm disaster on mental health of residents in Henan province

目的 探讨河南省“7·20”特大暴雨灾害对居民心理健康的影响,为增强灾后居民心理防护能力和抗压能力提供参考依据。方法 采用问卷星平台进行网络调查,应用《事件影响量表修订版》和《抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表》对河南省572名居民进行横断面调查。结果 居民应激得分为26.75±16.84,重度占27.4%。男性的应激、抑郁、焦虑、压力得分较高,单身的应激、压力得分低于已婚,16~25岁居民的应激、压力得分低于46~62岁者(P<0.05)。本人遇困居民的应激、焦虑和压力得分较高;自身经历或亲眼目睹其他人遇困/遇险遇难、自身经历或亲眼目睹公交、地铁等公共交通设施受损居民的应激和抑郁-焦虑-压力得分都较高(P<0.05)。性别和事后知道或通过媒体知道其他人遇险遇难是居民应激、抑郁、焦虑、压力状况的主要影响因素,自身经历或亲眼目睹其他人遇险遇难是居民压力状况的主要影响因素。95.3%居民通过网络了解到灾害的发生,95.6%居民关心灾后伤亡情况,93.5%居民认为自己缺乏紧急应对能力或者能力一般。结论 河南省“7·20”特大暴雨灾害对普通民众心理健康产生了一定影响,多数居民认为自己缺乏紧急应对能力或者能力一般。重大自然灾害发生后对人们生命财产安全进行援助的同时应适时开展心理危机干预。

Objective To explore and analyze the effects of "7.20" flood disaster on mental health of residents in inland areas,so as to provide reference for improving their psychological protection ability.Methods The online survey platform“questionnaire star”was conducted among 572 residents of inland areas.The Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R) and the short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(DASS-21)were used for questionnaire survey and analysis.Results The scores of PTSD of residents was 26.75±16.84,with 27.4% in severe.The scores of PTSD,depression,anxiety and stress of men were higher;the scores of PTSD and stress of single people were lower than those of married people,and those of residents aged 16-25were lower than those of aged 46-62(P<0.05).The scores of PTSD,depression,anxiety and stress of the trapped residents were higher.Residents who had experienced or witnessed their relatives or colleagues or friends in distress had the highest PTSD scores;the scores of PTSD of the residents who had experienced or witnessed the damage of urban houses,urban waterlogging or road were higher;the scores of PTSD,depression,anxiety and stress of residents who had experienced or witnessed the damage of public transportation facilities such as bus and subway were higher(P<0.05).95.3% of the residents learned about the occurrence of the disaster through the Internet,95.6% of the residents were concerned about the casualties after the disaster,and 93.5% of the residents believed that they lacked emergency response ability or had average ability.Conclusion The "7·20" heavy rainstorm disaster in Henan province has a certain impact on the mental health of ordinary people.Most residents think they lack the emergency response capacity.While providing assistance to the safety of people’s life and property and carrying out psychological crisis intervention timely will help to reduce the level of psychological stress after the natural disasters.