构建一种全新的身体诗学——德勒兹对斯宾诺莎的理论改写

Constructing a New Body Poetics: Deleuze’s Rewriting of Spinoza’s Theory

20世纪六十年代,法国思想界兴起了研究斯宾诺莎的热潮。斯宾诺莎认为上帝是一种无限的力量,并按照实体、属性、样态的模式把它分为复多的能、差异化、不均等诸多样式。样式即身体,故身体也是差异的、繁复的力量,德勒兹从斯宾诺莎那里获得思想资源,试图构建一种差异的、强度的、动态的身体诗学。于是,身体不再是堕落的、被灵魂组织的傀儡,而处于一种自行存在、自我增殖、不断游牧的状态,身体本身就拥有巨大且未知的潜能,在这种状态中,不同身体可以呈现自己的多重变化,彼此通融、相互影响、重新组合,形成一个不断解域的、块茎状的多元体。这样的身体已经不再是灵肉二元对立中那个被钳制的怪兽,而是一种不断生成、生生不息的欲力。

In the 1960s, there was an upsurge for the study of Spinoza in French ideological circles. Spinoza regarded God as a kind of infinite power and divided it into multiple modifications of capacity, differentiation, and unevenness based on the modes of substance,attribute, and shape. As one of these modifications, body is also a force of differentiation and multiplication. Deleuze obtained the ideological resources from Spinoza and tried to construct a kind of different, intense and dynamic body poetics. Therefore, the body is no longer a degenerate puppet set up by the soul. In a state of self-existence, self-reproduction,and constant nomadizing, the body itself processes enormous but unknown potential. While staying in such a state, different bodies may demonstrate their own multiple changes and form a deterritorial and tuberous multiploid through mutual accommodation, mutual influence, and reorganization. A body like this is no longer that tamed beast in the conflict of body and soul.Instead, it is an ever generating and endlessly thriving force of desire.