2014-2019年自贡市HIV-1抗体检测结果回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis on HIV-1 antibody test results in Zigong from 2014 to 2019

目的通过对2014—2019年自贡市8286例人类免疫缺陷病毒I型(HIV-1)抗体检测结果进行回顾性分析,为本地区制定艾滋病防控策略提供科学依据。方法初筛试验阳性样本上送至自贡市疾控中心HIV确证实验室,使用免疫印迹法(Western blotting,WB)进行确证检测,人口学特征及结果使用SAS 9.2趋势分析软件和SPSS 19.0软件进行分析。结果2014—2019年共收到待确证样本8286份,其中HIV-1抗体阳性5963份(71.96%),HIV抗体阴性808份(9.75%),HIV-1抗体不确定560份(6.76%),既往阳性955份(11.53%),各年份间整体呈下降趋势(Z=-2.9048,P<0.05)。男性感染者占74.07%(4417/5963);≥50岁组阳性最多,占63.99%(3816/5963);文化程度以小学文化最多,占42.06%(2508/5963);婚姻状况以已婚为主,占58.14%(3467/5963);传播方式以异性传播为主,占90.94%(5423/5963)。疾控中心确证阳性构成比最高,为89.95%;医疗系统送检构成比最高,为61.10%。WB带型以gp160、gp120出现率最高,为100.00%,不确定带型以gp160出现率最高,为65.00%。结论随着报告年份的变化,HIV-1抗体确证检测结果阳性率呈下降趋势。应继续加强实验室质量管理,保证检测结果的可靠性,不确定结果的病例应结合核酸检测尽快明确诊断。

Objective To provide scientific basis for the formulation of AIDS prevention and control strategies in the region by retrospectively analyzing the antibody detection results of 8286 cases of human immunodeficiency virus type I(HIV-1)from 2014 to 2019.Methods The positive samples from the preliminary screening test were sent to the HIV confirmatory laboratory,Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention for confirmative detection with Western blotting(WB),and the demographic characteristics and results were uniformly analyzed by using SAS 9.2 trend analysis software and SPSS 19.0 software.Results In the 8286 samples to be confirmed from 2014 to 2019,there were 5963(71.96%)samples with positive HIV-1 antibodies,808(9.75%)samples with negative HIV antibodies,560(6.76%)samples with HIV-1 uncertain antibodies and 955(11.53%)previously positive samples,and the samples showed downward trend during the years(Z=-2.9048,P<0.05).Male infection accounted for 74.07%(4417/5963);63.99%(3816/5963)of them were positive in the age group≥50 years old.The primary school education dominated for the academic background of infected subjects,accounting for 42.06%(2508/5963);married subjects were dominant for marital status,accounting for 58.14%(3467/5963);heterosexual transmission was the dominant mode for sexual transmission,accounting for 90.94%(5423/5963),the positive constitute rate of center for disease control and prevention was the maximum,accounting for 89.95%,and that of medical institutions was the top,accounting for 61.10%.The gp160 and gp120 showed the highest occurrence rate for WB band type,accounting for 100.00%,and gp160 exhibited the maximum occurrence rate for uncertain band type,accounting for 65.00%.Conclusion The positive rate of HIV-1 antibody confirmed test results shows the decreasing trend with the change in the reporting year.Laboratory quality management should be further tightened to secure the reliability of test results.The cases with uncertain results should be confirmatively diagnosed to the earliest convenience in combination with nucleic acid test.