2017—2020年榆林市蔬菜水果中农药残留监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in Yulin from 2017 to 2020

目的了解2017—2020年榆林市市售蔬菜水果农药残留状况和污染水平,为相关部门对农产品中农药残留的安全监督提供支撑和科学依据。方法2017—2020年从榆林市不同地点采集102份蔬菜水果,按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中植物性样品(含食用菌)中农药残留多组分残留的气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)法测定标准操作程序和《食品安全国家标准水果和蔬菜中500种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定气相色谱-质谱法》(GB 23200.8—2016)。结果2017—2020年榆林市102份蔬菜水果样品中农药总检出率为23.5%、超标率为0%。其中水果中农药检出率为23.3%、超标率为0%;蔬菜中农药检出率为24.6%、超标率为0%。2017—2020年蔬菜中农药检出率逐年下降,各年检出率分别为42.1%、28.6%、15.0%和12.5%;2018—2020年水果中农药检出率分别为30.0%、18.0%和16.7%。结论榆林市蔬菜水果中农药有一定范围的使用,但检出率处于较低水平,且未超标。通过监测分析,榆林市水果蔬菜总体状况良好,应继续加强农产品质量安全监测。

Objective To understand the pesticide residue status and pollution level of vegetables and fruits in Yulin from 2017 to 2020,and to provide support and scientific basis for the safety supervision of competent authorities on agricultural residues.Methods One hundred and two vegetables and fruits were collected from different locations in Yulin from 2017 to 2020,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was applied determine agricultural residues in vegetable samples(including edible mushrooms)which in National Work Manual for Risk Monitoring on Food Contamination and Harmful Factors and GB 23200.8—2016 National Standard for Food Safety-Determination on Residues of 500 Pesticides and Related Chemicals in Fruits and Vegetables Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Results The total detection rate of agricultural residues in 102 vegetable and fruit samples from 2017 to 2020 was 23.5%,and the over-limit rate was 0%.Wherein,the detection rate and over-limit rate of pesticides in fruits was 23.3%and 0%,respectively,and such indexes of pesticides in vegetables was 24.6%and 0%.The detection rate of pesticides in vegetables and fruits decreased year by year from 2017 to 2020,the indexes of pesticides in vegetables from 2017 to 2020 was 42.1%,28.6%,15.0%and 12.5%,respectively,and such indexes of pesticide residues in fruits from 2018 to 2020 were 30.0%,18.0%and 16.7%,respectively.Conclusion The pesticides are used in a certain range in vegetables and fruits in Yulin,but the detection rate is at a low level and not out of limit.The overall conditions of fruits and vegetables in Yulin are considered to be satisfactory upon monitoring and analysis,and the quality and safety monitoring on agricultural products should be further tightened.