中小学对教师教育的需求差异与供给应对——基于2543所中小学的用人需求分析

Demand Difference of Schools and the Supply Response of the Teacher Education——Based on the Analysis of 2543 Schools’ Employment Demand

教师供需平衡是教育发展和教师教育的共同目标。对2543所中小学用人需求的实证调查显示:中小学对师德师风满意度较高,学校间差异显著,普遍对职业信念教育需求较高;教师学历普遍达到本科,但硕士教师不多且分布不均;中小学教师学科结构性短缺较为普遍,且学校间差异显著;中小学对教师专业能力较为满意,但学校间差异显著;中小学对师范生需求较高,但学校间差异显著。对此研究建议:通过职业信念培养促进师德师风建设;通过教育硕士数量和质量提升促进优质师资均衡;通过供需协调机制弥合学科结构性缺口;构建师范生培养方案,满足中小学对教师的差异化需求;建立综合大学与师范院校联合培养模式,满足差异化教师来源需求。

An empirical survey on the employment demand of 2543 primary and secondary schools shows that:(1) Schools are satisfied with teachers’ ethics, but there are significant differences among different schools. Schools have strong demands for the teachers’ professional beliefs;(2) The education of teachers basically reaches the bachelor’s level, but the number of teachers with master’s degree is not large and the distribution is uneven. Primary schools like teachers with bachelor degree more, while middle and high schools like teachers with master degree;(3) Subject structural shortage is common in school teachers, and comprehensive teachers are highly demanded;(4) Schools are generally satisfied with the professional ability of teachers, but there are significant differences between different schools, and the satisfaction degree of low level schools and characteristic(demonstration) schools is higher;(5) Schools have a strong demand for graduates from normal colleges, and primary schools are more obvious.The research suggests:(1) To strengthen the education of professional belief to promote teachers’ ethics;(2) To improve the quantity and quality of teachers with master degree to balance the allocation of high-quality teachers;(3) To improve the supply-demand coordination mechanism and bridge the structural gap of subjects in schools;(4) To establish the training standards for normal students and meet the needs of high-quality teachers of schools;(5) To establish a joint training model between comprehensive universities and normal universities to optimize and integrate teacher education resources.