国际视野下师范生实践教学的特征及走向

Professional Features and Future Trends of Teaching Practice for Pre-service Teachers from an International Perspective

国际教师教育经历了前职业化、职业自主化、职业合作化和后职业化共四个阶段,实践教学也相应有着技能时代、专业时代、生态时代和社会时代等不同功能的主导时期。从师范生实践教学演变来看,尤其是从教师教育高等教育化开始,有以实践模拟和数字虚拟为基础的微格教学,有基于高校的教育见习与实习模式,也有基于中小学校的替代性教师教育模式下的驻留实习模式。通过对国际视野下实践教学的考察,提出我国师范生实践教学要坚持理论导向,增强技术走向,把握育人方向和保持求变取向。

In many countries, teacher professionalism experienced four historical phases: the pre-professional age, the age of the autonomous professional, the age of the college professional and the post-professional age. Correspondingly, pre-service teachers’ teaching practice also passed through four stages: skill-oriented stage, professional stage, ecological stage and social stage. In the evolution of pre-service teachers’ teaching practice, especially after teacher education became increasingly embedded within the universities, there are university-based teaching practice model, alternative certification teacher education and residency models. By examining international pre-service teachers’ teaching practice, this article argues: it is important to emphasize theory’s guidance, enhance the use of ICT-technology, highlight the moral education nature and awareness of reform in pre-service teachers’ teaching practice.