汉语自然会话中名词独词句的互动功能

The Interaction Functions of One-Noun Sentence in Chinese Spontaneous Conversation

基于自然口语语料,考察汉语会话互动中的名词独词句,发现汉语名词独词句在会话中主要实施六种互动功能,按使用频率高低依次为传递信息、修复话语、反馈收悉、表达立场、施行予求和用于称呼。互动中的名词独词句在功能类型上基本属于表述性的,因而能独立完成互动行为。名词在语义、信息、韵律及结构独立性与交互性等方面的特征对名词独词句互动功能的形成有重要作用。在交际中,名词独词句具有独特的异于句法完整句的互动特征。

Based on spontaneous speech materials,six interaction functions of one-noun sentence in Chinese conversations are found through the observation of one-noun sentences in Chinese conversational interaction.The ranking of the frequency of use for interaction functions are:conveying messages,repairing discourses,receiving feedbacks,stating positions,taking actions to give and demand and addressing somebody.According to their function type,the one-noun sentences in conversations are mostly declarative.Thus,they are able to complete interactive behaviors independently.The features of meaning,message,rhythm and the independence and interactivity of structure of nouns play an important role in the formation of one-noun sentences’interaction functions.In conversations one-noun sentences hold unique interaction features that are different from those of syntactically complete sentences.