宁波市1967-2019年尘肺病发病特征和变化趋势分析

Analysis of incidence characteristics and trend of pneumoconiosis in Ningbo City from 1967 to 2019

目的:了解1967-2019年宁波市尘肺病发病状况,分析尘肺病分布特征及变化趋势。方法:于2021年2月,整理宁波市1967-2019年尘肺病病例资料,其中1967-1987年数据来源于浙江省疾病预防控制中心,1988-2005年数据来源于宁波市疾病预防控制中心历史病例档案,2006-2019年数据来源于《中国疾病预防与控制信息系统》中尘肺病报告卡;随访补充相关信息,包含基本情况、用人单位基本情况以及尘肺病诊断相关信息,综合分析尘肺病构成及发展趋势、人群特征和行业特征等情况。结果:1967-2019年宁波市累计报告尘肺病1 715例,其中壹期1 254例,贰期258例,叁期172例;报告矽肺1 202例(70.09%),石棉肺296例(17.26%),电焊工尘肺40例(2.33%),石墨尘肺32例(1.87%)。男性1 296例(75.57%),女性419例(24.43%),男性尘肺病主要为矽肺(91.15%,1 102/1 209)和电焊工尘肺(100.00%,40/40),女性尘肺病主要为石棉肺(90.24%,268/297)和石墨尘肺(87.50%,28/32),报告的平均年龄为(49.71±10.90)岁,平均工龄为(10.98±6.96)年;报告尘肺病病例的前三位行业分布的分别为建筑业336例(19.59%)、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业317例(18.48%)和非金属矿物制品业315例(18.37%);报告人数前三位地区分别为宁海县414例(24.14%)、余姚市294例(17.14%)和鄞州区272例(15.86%)。结论:应加强对涉及矽尘及电焊烟尘相关企业监督管理,遏制尘肺病的高发态势。

Objective To understand the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Ningbo city from 1967 to 2019,and to analyze the distribution characteristics and change trend of pneumoconiosis.Methods In February 2021,the data of pneumoconiosis patients in Ningbo city from 1967 to 2019 were sorted out.The data from 1967 to 1987 were from historical case files of Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the data from 1988 to 2005 were from the historical case files of Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the data from 2006 to 2019 were from the pneumoconiosis report card in China Disease Prevention and Control Information System;Followed up and supplement relevant information,including basic information,basic information of employers and information related to pneumoconiosis diagnosis,and comprehensively analyze the composition and development trend,population characteristics and industry characteristics of pneumoconiosis.Results From 1967 to 2019,a total of 1715 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Ningbo City,including 1254 cases of stageⅠpneumoconiosis,258 cases of stageⅡpneumoconiosis,172 cases of stageⅢpneumoconiosis.1202 cases of silicosis(70.09%),296 cases of asbestosis(17.26%),40 cases of welder's pneumoconiosis(2.33%),32 cases of graphite pneumoconiosis(1.87%)were reported.There were 1296 male cases(75.57%)and 419 female cases(24.43%)were reported.Silicosis(91.15%,1102/1209)and welder's pneumoconiosis(100.00%,40/40)were the most common pneumoconiosis in males,while asbestosis(90.24%,268/297)and graphite pneumoconiosis(87.50%,28/32)were the most common pneumoconiosis in females.The average age was(49.71±10.90)years old and the average length of service was(10.98±6.96)years.The top three reported pneumoconiosis cases were construction industry(336 cases,19.59%),ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry(317 cases,18.48%)and non-metallic mineral products industry(315 cases,18.37%).The top three reported pneumoconiosis cases were 414 cases(24.14%)in Ninghai County,294 cases(17.14%)in Yuyao City and 272 cases(15.86%)in Yinzhou District.Conclusion With the development of industries in Ningbo City,government departments should strengthen supervision and management of enterprises involving silica dust and welding fume to curb the high incidence of pneumoconiosis.