伦理觉悟之艰难与伦理学通史之必要

The Difficulty of Ethical Consciousness and the Necessity of General History of Ethics

伦理觉悟之难,难在伦理是道义高地,是一个人或一种文化的面子,因而谁都想拔高自己的伦理信念;同时伦理也是制度和行为的规范性要求,这种要求可以检验某种伦理信念的真伪,因为真信念以规范的有效性证明自身之实存,而假信念仅仅是高喊的价值,不具有规范有效性。伦理学思想做不到“道德中立”,它要立文明之基,行共存之道,守实存之义,但“道”与“义”具有“存在论差异”,形上之道只有落实为实存之义,才具有善恶之属性,才由价值转化为规范。因而伦理学研究只有伴随着道义实存的历史谱系学考察,才能让人觉悟到伦理之为形而上学之道与作为实存之义相生相克的文明进程,道德哲学通史研究正是在道义实存的文明进程中,考察一种价值论思维的规范有效性路径,让道德哲学史本身成为一种哲学并成为一面镜子,既防止单纯主观思维因追求超世俗之道的高度而陷入空洞幻相,也防止特殊主义思维因过度追求义之实,而让道义失去普遍性根据。

The difficulty of ethical consciousness lies in the fact that ethics is the moral highland and the face of a person or a culture.So everyone wants to elevate their ethical beliefs.However,ethics is also the normative requirement of system and behavior,which can immediately test the authenticity of some ethical beliefs,because true beliefs prove their existence by the validity of norms,while false beliefs are only the values shouted but not the validity of norms.Ethical theory cannot achieve‘moral neutrality’.Instead,it should establish the basis of civilization,following the Tao of coexistence and keep the existential Justice.However,there is an‘Ontologische Differenz’between Tao and Justice.Only when the metaphysical Tao is realized as‘existential Justice’can it have the attribute of good and evil and be transformed from value to norm.Therefore,the study of ethics must be accompanied by the historical genealogy of Deontological existence,so as to make people realize that ethics represents a civilization process in which Metaphysical Tao and Deontological existence reinforce and counteract each other and the study of the comprehensive history of ethics is concerned with examining a normative and valid path of axiological thinking in the civilization process of Deontological existence.The history of ethics itself thus becomes a kind of philosophy and a mirror,preventing the pure subjective thinking from falling into an empty illusion due to the pursuit of the supramundane Tao and the Particularism thinking from losing the universal ground due to the excessive pursuit of the Deontological of existence.