工人阶级选民为何支持激进右翼政党?-——选民联盟视野中的西欧政党政治变迁分析

Why do Working Class Voters Support Radical Right-wing Parties?Analysis on the Political Changes of Party Politics in Western Europe from the Perspective of Voter Alignments Theory

从当前西欧政党政治的变迁中可以发现,工人阶级选民已经成为激进右翼政党的重要支持者。在阶级分野居于主导地位的工业社会,工人选民为了实现经济再分配的目标,和左翼政党之间建立了传统的联盟关系。而在价值观冲突凸显的后工业社会,由于主流政党的政策趋同,以及文化议题成为公众关注的中心,工人阶级与左翼政党之间的联盟趋于解体。工人阶级对左翼政党认同的削弱和政治过程中文化议题显著性的增强,是激进右翼政党成功吸引工人选民的重要原因。有别于和左翼政党基于意识形态认同建立的传统联盟,工人选民主要围绕反移民等核心议题投票支持激进右翼政党。工人选民与激进右翼政党之间的关系,是一种不同于阶级联盟的议题联盟。

The current changes of party politics in Western Europe indicates,that working class voters have become the important supporters of the radical right-wing parties.In the industrial society dominated by class division,working voters have forged traditional alignment with left-wing parties in order to achieve their goal of economic redistribution.But in the post-industrial society with increasingly conflicted values,the alignment between the working class and left-wing parties tends to crumble because the policies of mainstream parties have converged,and cultural issues have become the focus of people’s attention.The decline of working-class’s identification with left-wing parties,and the increasing prominence of cultural issues in political process,are important reasons for the radical right’s success in appealing to worker voters.Unlike the traditional alignment with left-wing parties based on ideological identity,working voters mainly vote for radical right-wing parties around core issues such as anti-immigration.The relationship between working voters and radical right-wing parties is a kind of issue-based alignment,which is different from the class-based alignment.