智能社会治理中的民众权益保障:困境、挑战与优化

Rights Protection in Intelligent Social Governance:Dilemma,Challenge and Optimization

人工智能(AI)等大数据技术已深度应用于社会治理与公共服务供给,构建了智能社会治理与服务,推动了民众权益范围的扩展、程度的深化与享用的便捷。但其在就业、社会救助和司法等领域的应用,对民众权益也构成了重大威胁。人工智能等技术的运作嵌入而非超越既有的权力关系;同时,掌握数字技术能力的差别模糊和弱化了侵权方的责任,削弱了传统上行之有效的追责机制;此外,数字技术对高技术企业的赋权,令公私权力面临嬗变,使得一些未经授权的行动者可以监视和侵扰民众、传播虚假信息、破坏公众对知识的信任;而自动决策系统基于预设而非参与的算法决策,可能对无法发声的群体造成更大伤害,进而可能导致权力与财富不平等的再生产。应对数字技术给民众权益保障带来的挑战,需要努力确保新技术的开发和使用以尊重和促进人的基本权利为基础和原则。同时,必须重新审视传统公共和私人之间权责的区分,以有效应对与技术创新相关的国家和企业行动所产生的后果。

The increased use of digital and data technologies in social governance and public service delivery shift the governance to intelligent social governance and service,promoting the expansion of the scope of human rights and interests,deepening the degree and convenient access.But it also poses significant threats to human rights.Technologies such as artificial intelligence operate within rather than beyond existing power relationships.The difference of the capacity of using digital technology ability has obscured and attenuated responsibility for harms that undermine traditional and for holding wrongdoers accountable.In addition,the empowerment of hightech enterprises by digital technology has transformed public and private power,allowing unauthorized actors to spy on and harass people,spreading false information and undermining the public’s trust in knowledge.However,the automatic decision system based on presupposition rather than participation may cause more harm to the voiceless group,which lead to the reproduction of power and wealth inequality.Addressing these challenges requires efforts to ensure that the development and implementation of new technologies respect and promote people’s rights and interests.At the same time,the traditional distinctions between public and private must be updated to remain relevant in the face of deeply enmeshed state and corporate action in connection with technological innovation.