民族复兴与科学传播并行——近代民族主义语境下的博物学教育变迁(1902—1948)

The Parallel Development of National Rejuvenation and the Popularization of Science:The Transformation of Chinese Natural History Education in the Context of Nationalism(1902—1948)

近代博物学教育在学制中存在30年,对近代国人接受科学、形成科学观念影响深远,但学界目前对此少有关注。近代博物学教育的兴废与民族主义密切相关,是国人希望通过普及科学以实现民族复兴诉求的体现。民族主义推动近代博物学教育发展,但过分强调民族主义,也妨碍了博物学教育传播科学,最终在民族矛盾式微之时成为博物学教育被废的导火索。

Natural history education existed for thirty years in the Chinese educational system.It had a significant influence on science accepted in China.Little attention has been paid to this topic.Natural history education answered the Chinese people’s demands for national rejuvenation and popularization of science,its transformation had a close relationship with Nationalism.Nationalism promotes the establishment and development of Chinese natural history education.However,excessive emphasis on nationalism also hindered the function of natural history education in disseminating science,drew scholars’opposition and finally led to its abolition.