民众“心中”和“眼中”的腐败——框架阐释理论视角下民众腐败感知的结构方程模型分析

Public Corruption Cognition and Corruption Perception:An SEM Analysis from Formative Framing Theory

民众腐败感知与实际腐败状况存在差异并具有政治影响,因而,考察腐败感知形成机制具有重要理论和现实意义。在强调外在信息因素的同时,现有研究虽然也开始关注民众认知方式的作用,但是仍未全面分析民众的腐败认知方式及其影响,也未考察外在信息与认知方式的关系。在戈夫曼的框架阐释理论、韦纳的归因理论和大众传播理论的基础上建立的“形成性框架阐释理论”和对调查数据的结构方程模型分析表明,民众的腐败感知是外在信息和阐释框架共同作用的结果,腐败界定的宽泛程度和对腐败的政策性归因倾向对腐败感知都有显著影响;而且,外在信息对阐释框架具有形成性影响,因此不仅会对民众的腐败感知产生直接效应,也会通过腐败观念和腐败归因对民众的腐败感知产生间接效应。这一分析在理论上提出的“形成性框架阐释理论”可以在一般意义上理解民众的社会感知,在实践上对于提高民众的清廉感知、促进政治稳定具有参考意义。

Because of its difference from corruption reality and its political significance,it is important to examine public corruption perception and its formation.Though having recognized the role of corruption cognition besides that of external information,current studies have not considered the full range of corruption cognition and its relationship with external information.Based on Goffman’s frame analysis,Weiner’s attribution theory,and mass communication studies,a“Formative-Frame Theory”is proposed to investigate the relationship between external information and interpretative frame and their influence on corruption perception.Results from Structural Equation Model analysis indicate,both corruption definition and policy-oriented corruption attribution have significant influence on corruption perception,and as information affects corruption cognition,it has both direct and indirect effects on corruption perception.This study has important implications for understanding the relationship between perception,information and frame,and for improving the political effect of anti-corruption efforts.