干预的硬度:以伍德沃德和埃伯哈特的理论为范例

The Hardness of Intervention: A Case Study by Taking the Theories of Woodward and Eberhardt as an Example

在因果操纵理论中,干预是一个核心概念。伍德沃德的硬干预理论和埃伯哈特的软干预理论是当今较有影响力的因果操纵理论。硬干预理论无法合理解决基本物理定律、生理和心理问题,而软干预理论则可以解决这些问题。埃伯哈特的软干预理论实际上是对伍德沃德硬干预理论的继承和发展,然而,当存在潜在共有原因时,软干预理论同样面临困境,它只能局部解决硬干预理论面临的问题。

Intervention is a core concept in the causal manipulation theory.Both Woodward’s hard intervention theory and Eberhardt’s soft intervention theory are presently the most influential causal manipulation theories.The hard intervention theory cannot reasonably solve the problem of basic physical laws,and physical and psychological problems while the soft intervention theory can solve these problems.Actually,Eberhardt’s soft intervention theory is the inheritance and development of Woodward’s hard intervention theory.However,when there are potential common causes,the soft intervention theory also faces difficulties,and it can only partially solve the problems faced by the hard intervention theory.