翠香猕猴桃黑点病与果实矿质元素失调相关性

Correlation between the occurrence of‘Cuixiang’kiwifruit black spot and imbalance of mineral elements of fruits

为明确猕猴桃黑点病的发生与果实矿质元素含量的关系,以期为黑点病的防治提供理论依据和指导方法,本研究通过测定病果与健果的果皮中主要矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、B、Mn,分析各矿质元素含量与发病的相关性,进而采取补施病果中显著缺乏的矿质元素,并测定补施后其对黑点病的预防效果。结果表明:2018—2019年,猕猴桃黑点病普遍发生,病园率高达100%。不同年份、不同果园“翠香”猕猴桃黑点病发病程度不同。通过对比病果与健果中矿质元素含量发现,病果皮中的N、B含量显著高于健果,Ca含量显著低于健果,并且病果皮中N/K、N/Ca、P/Ca和K/Ca比值显著大于健果,而Ca/B和Ca/Mn比值显著低于健果。连续两年田间补施Ca肥,对猕猴桃黑点病的预防效果可达到70%以上。猕猴桃黑点病的发生可能与果园管理中N、B过量以及Ca施用不足引起的矿质元素失衡有关。

Clarifying the relationship between the occurrence of kiwi black spot and the content of mineral elements in the peel will provide a theoretical basis and guiding method.Incidence of black spot disease was investigated in Shaanxi‘Cuixiang’kiwifruit,and the content of the main mineral elements N,P,K,Ca,B and Mn in the peels of the diseased fruits and healthy fruits were measured.Next,the relationship between the content of each mineral element and the incidence were analyzed,and the corresponding mineral elements were supplemented to evaluate the prevention effect of black spot disease.The investigation found that kiwifruit black spot disease generally occurred both 2018-2019,and the disease rate was as high as 100%.The incidence of black spot of‘Cuixiang’kiwifruit varied in different years and in different orchards.By comparing the content of mineral elements in diseased fruit and healthy fruit,it was found that the N and B content in the peel of diseased fruit is significantly higher than that of healthy fruit,the content of Ca is significantly lower than that of healthy fruit,and the ratios of N/K,N/Ca,P/C and K/Ca in the peel of diseased are significantly higher than those of healthy fruits,while the ratios of Ca/B and Ca/Mn are significantly lower than those of healthy fruits.Supplementing Ca fertilizer in the field for two consecutive years can prevent more than 70%of kiwifruit black spot disease.The occurrence of kiwifruit black spot disease was closely related to the imbalance of mineral elements caused by excessive N and B in orchard management and insufficient Ca application.