传统傣医“雅给”的医学人类学探究

Medical Anthropology of the Traditional Dai Medicine “Yǎgěi”

傣族是我国西南少数民族之一,傣族先民通过从资源丰富的大自然中寻求对抗病痛的方法,积累了大量经验,总结出各种方药及治疗手段。“雅给”为傣族医药传统文化核心之一,意为解药。将傣族“雅给”视为一个杂合体的存在,傣族的先民们在史前时代“尝遍百草”,从而形成了关于植物的一套认知体系;在“万物有灵”和南传佛教的观念之下,又形成了一套仪式体系,一面“药解”,一面“神解”,这套体系不仅仅局限于“生理的治疗”,还包容了“心理的治疗”以及“社会的治疗”。

The Dai nationality is one of the ethnic minorities in Southwest China.By finding ways to fight against diseases from the nature with abundant resources,the ancestors of the Dai nationality accumulated a lot of experience and summing up various prescriptions and treatments.“Yǎgěi”(雅给),which means antidote,is one of the cores of the Dai medical culture.In this paper,“Yǎgěi”of the Dai nationality is regarded as an integrative therapy.Ancestors of the Dai nationality“tasted many kinds of herbs”in prehistoric times,thus forming a set of cognitive system about plants.Influenced by the concept of“all things have spirit”and Southern Buddhism,they also formed a set of ritual system.Therefore,“Yǎgěi”includes both“medicinal treatment”and“divine treatment”,which is not only“physiological therapy”,but also“psychological therapy”and“social therapy”.