创新生态视域下小镇创客聚集的影响因素分析

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Makers Gathering in Town Under the Perspective of Innovation Ecology

目前关于创客集聚对创客小镇的影响缺乏实证分析,为此,基于创新生态理论,构建包括创新政策、制度支持、资源配置、土地支持政策和基础设施5个要素的创客聚集评价指标体系,采用对国内3个具有代表性创客小镇的563份调查问卷和32人深度访谈的实证资料分析影响创客聚集的因素。结果表明,创新政策和基础设施在创客小镇形成的过程中对创客的聚集存在显著影响,资源配置对于创客集聚的影响程度较低,制度支持并不能促进创客集聚意愿,土地支持政策甚至对创客集聚意愿有负作用;进一步对五大要素效应分解显示,基础设施对创客小镇吸引创客聚集的贡献程度最高。基于研究结论,提出需要发挥市场、政府两种调控手段的积极作用,打造市场选择和政府支持有效结合的创客小镇复合资源生态圈。

At present,there is a lack of empirical analysis on the impact of maker agglomeration on maker towns.Based on innovation ecology theory,this paper constructs the formation mechanism of maker towns including five elements of innovation policy,institutional support,resource allocation,supportive land-use policy and infrastructure,using 563 questionnaires and empirical data on in-depth interviews with 32 individuals from three representative maker towns,to analyze the factors that affect the gathering of makers.The research results show that innovation policies and infrastructure have a significant impact on the agglomeration of makers in the process of forming a maker town,resource allocation has a relatively low impact on the agglomeration of makers,institutional support cannot promote the willingness of makers agglomeration,and the supportive land-use policy even has a negative effect on the willingness of makers gathering.Further,the decomposition of the effect of the five factors shows that infrastructure contributes most to the maker town’s attraction to makers agglomeration.Based on the study conclusions,the paper proposes that it is necessary to play the active role of two control methods of market and the government,to create a complex resource ecosystem of maker towns that effectively combines market selection and government support.