间作和施氮水平对玉米和花生农艺性状及花生结瘤的影响

Effects of Intercropping and Nitrogen Application Rate on Agronomic Traits of Maize and Peanut and Peanut Nodulation

为进一步明确大田环境中间作和施加氮肥对玉米和花生生长发育影响的规律,为间作模式氮肥减施和高产高效提供理论依据,本试验设置玉米花生单作、间作和不同氮肥用量梯度双因素处理,研究其对两种作物生育中期(即玉米灌浆期和花生结荚期)农艺性状和花生结瘤的影响。结果表明:间作玉米的茎叶+雌穗干重比单作提高12.4%;间作花生的全株干重比单作降低43.6%。施加氮肥明显促进植株生长,N1(120 kg/hm^(2))时施氮效果最优,玉米茎叶+雌穗干重比N0(不施氮)提高14.3%,花生全株干重比N0提高39.9%。施氮后,间作对花生的抑制作用下降:与N0全株干重间作比单作降低48.45%相比,N1和N2(160 kg/hm^(2))降幅分别为39.17%和38.47%,分别少9.28、9.98个百分点,N3(200 kg/hm^(2))则与N0无显著差异。间作明显促进花生结瘤,且N1根瘤鲜重最高,比N0、N2、N3分别提高472%、101%和308%,N2、N3比N0分别提高184%和40%。综上所述,间作促进玉米生长,但显著抑制花生生长;适量施氮可以缓解间作对花生的抑制作用;间作有利于花生结瘤。

In order to further understand the effects of intercropping and nitrogen(N) application rate on growth and development of maize and peanut in field conditions and provide theoretical bases for N fertilizer reduction and high yield and high efficiency in intercropping system, a split-plot field experiment was conducted with two factors(monoculture and intercropping of maize and peanut, different N application rates). The agronomic traits of maize during grain-filling stage and peanut during pod-bearing stage were investigated, and the peanut nodulation was also studied. The results showed that the total dry weight of stem, leaves and ear of intercropped maize was 12.4% higher than that of monoculture;the total dry weight of whole peanut plant in intercropping system was 43.6% lower than that in monoculture. N application obviously promoted the plant growth, and the optimal N application rate was 120 kg/hm~2(N1), under which, the total dry weight of stem, leaves and ear of maize and the total dry weight of whole peanut plant was 14.3% and 39.9% higher than those of N0 treatment, respectively. After N fertilization, the inhibition of intercropping on peanut decreased as the whole plant dry weight of intercropping peanut decreased by 48.45% compared with monoculture under N0 treatment, while that under N1 and N2(160 kg/hm~2) treatments were 39.17% and 38.47% respectively, which decreased by 9.28 and 9.98 percentage points;that under N3(200 kg/hm~2) treatment had no significant difference with N0. Intercropping significantly promoted peanut nodulation, and the fresh weight of N1 root nodules was the highest, which increased by 472%, 101% and 308% respectively compared N0,N2,N3 treatments, that of N2 and N3 increased by 184% and 40% compared with N0. In conclusion, intercropping promoted the growth of maize, but significantly inhibited the growth of peanut;appropriate N application could alleviate the inhibitory effect of intercropping on peanut;intercropping promoted peanut nodulation.