江西省芝麻地方种质表型性状遗传多样分析

Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of sesame local germplasm in Jiangxi Province

【目的】对江西省芝麻地方种质资源进行表型性状遗传多样分析,为江西芝麻种质资源的有效利用及开发提供理论参考。【方法】依托“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”从江西省39个县(市、区)收集到的132份芝麻地方种质为试验材料,对其23个表型性状(12个质量性状和11个数量性状)进行测定,并计算遗传多样性指数和变异系数。同时,对11个数量性状进行相关分析,并对供试种质进行聚类分析。【结果】23个表型性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.2821,其中,12个质量性状的遗传多样性指数为0.3217~1.0307,平均0.7290;11个数量性状的变异系数为4.70%~43.58%,遗传多样性指数为1.6138~2.0627,平均1.8855。3种粒色类型芝麻种质中,以46份白芝麻种质表型性状的平均遗传多样性指数最高,为1.3602,74份黑芝麻种质和12份其他粒色(黄色、褐色、黄褐色、红褐色等)芝麻种质表型性状的平均遗传多样性指数分别为1.1782和1.0476。生育期与株高、始蒴高度、蒴果长、千粒重和蛋白含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),但与含油量呈极显著负相关。供试的132份芝麻种质资源可分为四大类,不同类群种质的来源地存在地理位置的交错分布现象,其中,第Ⅰ类群可作为潜在选育芝麻高含油量新品种的亲本材料,第Ⅱ类群可作为潜在高产优良芝麻材料利用,第Ⅲ类群可作为潜在矮杆株型的亲本材料,第Ⅳ类群可作为潜在的高蛋白型亲本材料加以利用。【结论】江西芝麻地方种质资源的主要表型性状变异较大,遗传多样性较丰富,其中以46份白芝麻种质的遗传多样性更丰富。种质间亲缘关系与地理来源无必然联系。以高产高蛋白为育种目标时应选择株高较高,始蒴高度适中、蒴果较大、千粒重较高的材料为亲本,并据此进行后代选择。

【Objective】To analyze phenotypic traits and the genetic diversity characteristics of local sesame germplasm resources in Jiangxi Province,so as to provide theoretical basis for effective utilization of local sesame germplasm in Jiangxi Province.【Method】With support from the Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection,132 local sesame germplasms from 39 counties in Jiangxi Province were collected,which were used as test materials.Twenty-three phenotypic traits(12 quality traits and 11 quantitative traits)were determined and genetic diversity index and coefficient of variation were computed. At the same time,the 11 quantitative traits were analyzed and cluster analysis were performed.【Result】The results showed that among 23 phenotypic traits,the genetic diversity index of 12 quality traits ranged from 0.3217 to 1.0307,with an average of 0.7290. Meanwhile,the genetic diversity index of 11 quantitative traitsranged from 1.6138 to 2.0627,with an average of 1.8855. Among the three seed color types of sesame germplasm,46 white sesame germplasm had the highest average genetic diversity index of phenotypic traits,which was 1.3602,74black sesame germplasm and 12 other seed color(yellow,brown,yellow-brown,red-brown,etc.)sesame germplasm.The average genetic diversity indexes of phenotypic traits were 1.1782 and 1.0476. Correlation analysis showed that the growth period was significantly positively correlated with plant height,first capsule height,mean capsule length,1000-seed weight and protein content(P<0.01,the same below),but it was extremely significantly negatively correlated with oil content. 132 sesame germplasm resources could be divided into four groups,and different origins of germplasms were distributed interlaced.Group I could be used as a potential parent material for breeding new sesame varieties with high oil content,group II could be used as a potential high yield and excellent sesame material,group III could be used as a potential dwarf plant type parent material,and group IV could be used as a potential high protein type parent material.【Conclusion】Phenotypic variation of the main phenotypic traits of Jiangxi sesame germplasms is large. Genetic diversity of the germplasms is high,especially for 46 white sesame germplasms. The genetic relationship between germplasms is not necessarily related to the origins. In the breeding with high yield and high protein as the goal,the plant height can be biased.When aiming to breed high production and high protein content,the materials with higher first capsule height,larger mean capsule and higher thousand-seed weight should be chosen as the parents,and the offspring should be selected according to obtain excellent germplasm.