卵孢长根菇不同生长期覆土层微生物群落结构多样性分析

Diversity analysis of microbial community structure in casing soil in different growth stages of Hymenopellis raphanipes

【目的】探究卵孢长根菇不同生长期覆土层微生物群落结构多样性及木霉病害对微生物群落的影响,为长根菇的高产稳产提供理论依据。【方法】采用Illumina高通量测序技术,研究长根菇不同生长阶段(覆土时、现蕾期、采收期、发病期、转潮期)覆土层微生物群落结构组成及其多样性,并利用冗余分析技术分析研究微生物菌群与土壤理化因子的相关性。【结果】从覆土样品中共获得操作分类单元(OTUs)4581个,细菌和真菌OTUs分别为3650个和931个。不同生长阶段土壤的细菌优势菌群存在较大差异,覆土时和采收期的最优势属为广义伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia),现蕾期、发病期、转潮期的最优势属的分别为罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia)、西地西菌属(Cedecea)和噬几丁质菌属(Chitinophaga)。覆工至采收的前3个生长期的最优势真菌属为镰刀菌属(Fusarium),其余生长期则为木霉属(Trichoderma)。木霉病害发病期土壤层微生物菌群结构发生较大变化,微生物数量和丰度均低于其他期;采收期土壤的细菌多样性最高,转潮期真菌多样性最高。冗余分析结果表明,覆土层中速效氮和速效钾与细菌在属水平上有显著正相关(P<0.05,下同);有效磷与真菌属水平菌群显著正相关。土壤有机质与覆土时土壤微生物群落呈正相关;速效氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH则与转潮期土壤微生物群落呈正相关。【结论】不同生长阶段覆土层土壤真菌物种数量在采收期达最大值,细菌物种数量则随着长根菇的生长而不断下降。木霉病害的发生对土壤微生物种类和丰度均有显著抑制作用,同时大量消耗土壤的营养元素,降低pH。

【Objective】To investigate the composition and diversity of microbial community structure of the casing soil in different growth stages of Hymenopellis raphanipes,and the effect of Trichoderma diseases on microbial communities,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the high and stable yield of the H.raphanipes.【Method】The microbial community structure and diversity in different growth stages(casing stage,pinning stage,harvesting stage,harvesting stage with green mold disease,flush interval stage)of H.raphanipes were analyzed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology,while the relationship between microbial community and soil physical-chemical property was studied by environmental factors analysis.【Result】Results showed the total number of operational taxonomic unit(OTUs)in casing soil was 4581,including 3650 of bacteria and 931 of fungi.There were significant differences in the dominant bacterial community in different growing stages,the dominant bacterial genus in casing stage and harvesting stage was Burkholderia.Ralstonia,Cedecea and Chitinophaga were the dominant genus in pinning stage,harvesting stage and flush interval stage,respectively.The most dominant fungal in the first three stages was genus Fusarium,and the remaining stages were genus Trichoderma.In disease stage,the structure of soil microbial community changed greatly,with the number of microorganisms and relative abundance lower than other stage.In harvesting stage,bacteria diversity reached the highest and in the flush interval stage,fungal diversity was the highest.dbRDA analysis showed that the content of available nitrogen(AN)and available phosphorus(AK)in casting soil was significant positive correlated with bacteria at genus level(P<0.05,the same below).Available phosphorus(AP)had significant positive correlation with bacterial communities at genus level.Soil organic matter(SOM)was significantly positively correlated with soil microbial community in casing stage,while AN,AP,AK and pH were positively correlated with soil microbial community in flush interval stage.【Conclusion】The number of soil fungal flora in different growth stages reaches the maximum at harvest time;The number of bacterial flora decreased with the growth of long root mushroom.The occurrence of Trichoderma disease can significantly inhibit the species and abundance of soil microbial flora,and consume a lot of soil nutrient elements and reduce pH.