多酸基硫化态催化剂的加氢脱硫和电解水析氢应用

Application of POMs-Based Sulfided Catalyst in Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrogen Evolution by Electrolysis of Water

油品加氢脱硫(HDS)和电解水析氢(HER)是解决目前石油引起的能源环境问题的有效途径,开发高效且低成本的非贵金属催化材料是实现工业化的关键步骤。由于硫化态过渡金属具有高价态、独特的晶体结构和热稳定性,目前已证明MoS_(2)和WS_(2)是同时实现HDS和HER的理想材料。多酸作为一种由多种过渡金属和氧原子组成的结构明确的无机纳米簇,是制备过渡金属硫化态材料的合适前体。近年来,多酸制备硫化态催化剂成为绿色化学的研究热点。本文综述了基于多酸的硫化态催化剂在HDS和HER领域的研究进展,介绍了两类过程的工作原理和相互关联,总结并讨论了基于多酸的硫化态催化剂的催化机理、结构优势和存在问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。

Facing the challenge of severe environmental pollution caused by petroleum and the development of new energy,the desulfurization of petroleum fuels and sustainable clean alternative energy are regarded as important solutions.As a clean and sustainable energy carrier,hydrogen(H_(2))is considered one of the most promising alternatives to carbon fuels.Therefore,hydrodesulfurization(HDS)and electrolysis of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)are effective ways to solve the current energy and environmental problems caused by petroleum,and the development of high-efficiency and low-cost non-precious metal-based catalytic materials is a key step to achieve industrialization.Sulfided transition metals have high valence,unique crystal structure and thermal stability.Among them,MoS_(2)and WS_(2)are a type of band gap two-dimensional semiconductors with high planar carrier mobility and are used as non-noble metal sulfided catalysts representative material.It is worth noting that MoS_(2) and WS_(2) can realize HDS and HER processes at the same time.They not only serve as high-performance HDS catalysts to reduce the sulfur content of petroleum,but also shine in sustainable and clean green hydrogen production.Polyoxometalates(POMs),as a kind of inorganic nanoclusters with a clear structure composed of a variety of transition metals and oxygen atoms,are suitable precursors for preparing transition metal sulfided electrode materials.The sulfided catalyst can exhibit electrocatalytic performance close to that of noble metal-based catalysts,realizing green and efficient energy production and processing.Therefore,in recent years,sulfided catalysts prepared by POMs have become a research hotspot in green chemistry.This paper reviews the research progress of POMs-based sulfided catalysts in the HDS and HER fields,focusing on the working principles and interrelationships of the two types of processes.The catalytic mechanism,structural advantages and existing problems of POMs-based sulfided catalysts are summarized and discussed.Finally,some prospective of POMs-based sulfided catalysts for their application in those fields are proposed.