深松对松嫩平原苏打盐碱地土壤理化性质和玉米产量的影响

Effects of Subsoiling on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Soda Saline Alkali Land and Maize Yield in Songnen Plain

为构建合理耕层和改善耕作环境,设置不深松(CK)、春深松30和40 cm处理,秋深松30和40 cm处理,研究不同深松季节及深松深度对松嫩平原苏打盐碱土碱解氮、速效磷、有效钾、pH、阳离子交换量、有机质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,深松可降低土壤pH,其中4个深松处理的土壤pH分别较CK降低了0.12%~3.00%。春深松30 cm、秋深松30 cm和秋深松40 cm处理的阳离子交换量较CK分别增加了6.08%、19.10%和5.30%。整体上深松处理均不同程度地提高了土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,不同深松处理碱解氮含量差异达到极显著水平,有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量差异均不显著。不同处理穗长和行粒数无显著差异,穗粗和穗行数差异达到显著水平。深松有助于穗粗、穗行数和产量的增加,其中秋深松40 cm和秋深松30 cm处理分别较CK增产14.83%和11.51%。春深松40 cm和春深松30 cm处理分别较CK增产9.36%和10.52%。因此,秋季深松比春季深松和不深松对盐碱地玉米增产效果好。

In order to build a reasonable plough layer and improve the farming environment,the experiment set no subsoiling(CK),spring subsoiling 30 and 40 cm treatments,autumn subsoiling 30 and 40 cm treatments to study the effects of different subsoiling seasons and subsoiling depths on the alkali soluble nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,pH,cation exchange capacity,organic matter and corn yield of soda saline alkali soil in Songnen Plain.The results showed that subsoiling could reduce the soil pH,and the soil pH of four subsoiling treatments decreased by 0.12%-3.00%compared with CK.The cation exchange capacity of spring subsoiling 30 cm,autumn subsoiling 30 cm and autumn subsoiling 40 cm treatments increased by 6.08%,19.10%and 5.30%compared with CK.Overall,subsoiling treatment increased the contents of soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium to varying degrees.The difference of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content among different subsoiling treatments reached a very significant level,and the difference of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium content were not significant.There was no significant difference in ear length and grain number per row among different treatments,but the difference in ear diameter and row number per ear reached a significant level.Subsoiling contributed to the increase of ear diameter,number of rows per ear and yield.The yield of autumn subsoiling at 40 cm and 30 cm increased by 14.83%and 11.51%compared with CK.Compared with CK,the yield of spring subsoiling at 40 cm and 30 cm increased by 9.36%and 10.52%.Therefore,subsoiling in autumn is better than subsoiling in spring and no subsoiling.