柠檬酸与磷肥互作对河西绿洲灌区土壤理化性状及甜叶菊产量和品质的影响

Effects of Interaction of Citric Acid and Phosphate Fertilizer on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Stevia Yield and Quality in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area

为提高河西绿洲灌区甜叶菊品质,以甜叶菊品种谱星6号为试验材料,通过田间随机区组试验,在氮、钾肥相同的基础上,比较了不同水平柠檬酸(15,30和45 kg·hm^(-2))与磷肥(45和90 kg·hm^(-2))互作后的土壤理化性状、甜叶菊产量和品质以及相关关系。结果表明,不同水平柠檬酸的施用对土壤pH影响的差异不显著。柠檬酸的施用能够有效降低土壤全盐量,且浓度越大影响越显著。有机质、全氮、有效磷以及微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌含量在柠檬酸与磷肥互作下显著提高。本试验条件下,速效钾含量随着柠檬酸的增施,整体呈现降低趋势。柠檬酸与磷肥互作,均能显著促进甜叶菊叶片对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收;叶片干物质积累明显,产量显著增加,最高达5367.60 kg·hm^(-2),相对增产49.9%,最高净收益为3.50万元·hm^(-2),较CK处理增收2.39万元·hm^(-2)。适宜的柠檬酸与磷肥配比,一定程度上能够促进甜叶菊叶片中总苷以及各主要类别的糖苷含量的增加,总苷量最高可达13.78%。土壤全盐与甜叶菊产量和品质呈负相关,土壤养分与甜叶菊产量和品质呈显著正相关。综上所述,该区在常规肥料的基础上施用一定量的柠檬酸,能够显著提高土壤养分含量,有效提高甜叶菊产量及品质。

In order to improve the quality of stevia in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area,using stevia variety Puxing No.6 as the experimental material,the field random block experiment was conducted to compare the soil physical and chemical properties after the interaction of different levels of citric acid(15,30,45 kg·ha^(-1))and phosphate fertilizers(45,90 kg·ha^(-1)),stevia yield,quality and related relationships.The results showed that the effects of different levels of citric acid on soil pH were not significantly different.The application of citric acid could effectively reduce the total soil salt content,and the higher the concentration,the more significant the effect.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and trace elements iron,manganese,copper and zinc were significantly increased under the interaction of citric acid and phosphate fertilizer.Under the experimental conditions,the content of available potassium showed a decreasing trend as a whole with the increase of citric acid.The interaction of citric acid and phosphorus fertilizer could significantly promote the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in stevia leaves.The dry matter accumulation in leaves was obvious,and the yield was significantly increased,up to 5367.60 kg·ha^(-1),a relative increase of 49.9%,the highest net income was 35000 yuan·ha^(-1),an increase of 23900 yuan·ha^(-1) compared with CK treatment.With a suitable ratio of citric acid and phosphorus fertilizer,the content of total glycosides and various main types of glycosides in stevia leaves increased,and the total glycoside content was up to 13.78%.The total soil salt was negatively correlated with the yield and quality of stevia,and the soil nutrients were significantly positively correlated with the yield and quality of stevia.In this area,a certain amount of citric acid was applied on the basis of conventional fertilizers,which could significantly improve the soil nutrient content and increase the yield and quality of stevia.