不同基质对色素万寿菊播种出苗及幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Different Substrates on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Pigment Marigold

为提高色素万寿菊田间播种育苗效率,以连作基质为对照,设置连作基质不同消毒处理、有机基质不同厚度处理以及有机基质和河沙不同配比处理,比较色素万寿菊播种出苗、幼苗生长以及移栽成活状况,探究不同基质对色素万寿菊播种出苗及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与新基质相比,连作基质显著降低了色素万寿菊种子出苗率,施用微生物菌剂能够显著提高出苗势、出苗率、出苗指数,显著促进幼苗生长,多菌灵处理改良连作基质效果次之;随种子下方有机基质厚度递增,出苗势、出苗率、出苗指数依次显著递减,5 cm有机基质处理则未见种子出苗,但3和4 cm有机基质处理下幼苗生长较好;随基质中含河沙比例的增加,色素万寿菊播种出苗率整体上升,其中有机基质∶河沙=1∶2处理出苗势、出苗率、出苗指数整体较高,幼苗生长状况则以有机基质∶河沙=2∶1处理最佳,纯河沙处理移栽成活率最低,仅为65.48%。综上,连作基质不利于色素万寿菊播种育苗,微生物菌剂可有效改良连作基质,种子下方有机基质薄、河沙含量高,利于播种出苗,3~4 cm厚度的有机基质以及适宜含量的河沙利于幼苗生长。

In order to improve the efficiency of sowing and seedling raising of pigment marigold in the field,in this study,with continuous cropping substrate as control,different continuous cropping substrate disinfection treatment,different organic substrate thickness treatment and different organic substrate and river sand ratio treatment were set up to compare the seedling emergence,seedling growth and transplanting survival of pigment marigold,the effects of different substrates on seedling emergence and growth of pigment marigold were studied.The results showed that compared with the new substrate,continuous cropping substrate significantly reduced the emergence rate of pigment marigold seeds.The application of microbial agent significantly increased emergence potential,emergence rate,emergence index,and significantly promoted seedling growth,followed by carbendazim treatment to improve continuous cropping substrate.With the increase of the thickness of organic substrate under the seed,the emergence potential,emergence rate and emergence index decreased significantly,and there was no seed emergence in the treatment of 5 cm organic substrate.However,the seedling grew better under the treatment of 3 and 4 cm.With the increase of the proportion of river sand in the substrate,the emergence rate of pigment marigold increased as a whole,and the emergence potential,emergence rate and emergence index were higher when the organic substrate∶river sand=1∶2,and the seedling growth was the best when the organic substrate∶river sand=2∶1.The transplanting survival rate of pure river sand treatment was the lowest,only 65.48%.To sum up,the continuous cropping substrate is not to the sowing and seedling raising of pigment marigold,and the microbial agent can effectively improve the continuous cropping substrate.The thin organic substrate under the seed and the high content of river sand are conducive to seedling emergence,and the organic substrate with 3-4 cm thickness and suitable content of river sand are beneficial to the growth of seedlings.