辽金元时期九十九泉与官山考论

A Textual Research on the Ninety-nine Springs and Guanshan during the Liao,Jin and Yuan Dynasties

北魏时期武要北原、牧牛山下各存在一处“九十九泉”。《辽史》丰州“九十九泉”即《金史》宣宁县官山,泛指武要北原,今内蒙古灰腾梁。其地北魏辽元时期为捺钵、蹛林,为交通枢纽与军事要地。牧牛山即今独山,牧牛山下“九十九泉”盖即沧河上源龙湾,此“九十九泉”词义与位置广义上可与元代大都路缙山县“答兰不剌”勘同。答兰不剌捺钵为“缙山道”沿途最重要捺钵,答兰不剌捺钵后身流盃池行殿与东、西、北三凉亭为元代山后四大凉亭。

There were two places called“Ninety-nine Springs”(九十九泉)during the Northern Wei.Dynasty,one was located in W uyaobeiyuan(武要北原)and the other at the foot of Muniu Mountain(牧牛山)。Both the Fengzhou Ninety-nine Springs in Liao Shi and Xuanning County Guanshan(宣宁县官山)in Jin Shi were located in W uyaobeiyuan,which is named Huiteng-liang(灰腾梁)nowadays.The Guanshan had been as a Nabo(捺钵)and Dailin(蹄林),during the Northern Wei,Liao and Yuan Dynasties,at the same time a transportation hub and important military place.The Muniu Mountain is located in Dushan(独山)。The Ninety-nine Springs located at the foot of Muniu Mountain was also called Longwan(龙湾),the upper source of Canghe River(沧河),and the location and meaning of the name pointing to the same place called Dalan bulaq(答兰不刺).Dalan bulaq Nabo and Liubeichi(流盃池)palace belonged to Dadu Road's Jinshan County。Dalan Bulaq was the most important Nabo along the"Jinshan Road"in the Y uan Dynasty.The Liubeichi palace and the other three pavilions were famous as the four major pavilions of houshan(后山)。