“残疾”对残疾人家人的影响探究:符号互动论的解释

The Influence of"Disability"on the Family Members of the Disabled:The Interpretation of Symbolic Interactionism

采用质性研究方法,探究“残疾”对残疾人兄弟姐妹的自我认同、家庭结构、压力困境、未来发展等方面的影响,并基于符号互动理论对这些影响产生的原因做出解释。得出以下结论:(1)残障观念深刻影响着自我认同发展,污名化对残疾人及其家人的日常生活具有负面影响,但其家庭的结构与功能变化相对较小;(2)残疾人家庭中家庭成员之间的关系并未受到残疾的负面影响,同辈间积极的爱与亲情仍然是主流;(3)残疾人的兄弟姐妹承受着一定的压力,其根源在于父母对残疾孩子期望值低于对“正常”子女的期望值;(4)残疾是残疾人兄弟姐妹自身未来规划中的重要因素,其中拥有残疾的兄弟姐妹对择偶有一定影响但不造成显著的困境;(5)残疾人兄弟姐妹在自我叙事建构与外在符号建构的双重作用下逐渐形成积极认同、发展压力困境的机制。

The study uses qualitative research methods to explore the impact of"disability"on disabled siblings’self-identity,family structure,stress dilemma,andfuture development,and explains the reasons for these impacts based on symbolic interaction theory.The conclusions are as follows:(1)The concept of disability has a profound impact on the development of self-identity.Stigmatization has a negative impact on the daily life of the disabled and their families,but the changes in the structure and function of their families are relatively small;(2)The relationship among the family members in the disabled family has not been negatively affected by the disability,and the positive love and family affection among peers are still the mainstream;(3)The siblings of the disabled are under certain pressure,which is rooted in the fact that parents’expectations of disabled children are lower than those of"normal"children;(4)Disability is an important factor in the future planning of disabled siblings.Siblings with disabilities have some trouble in their mate selection,but do not have significant difficulties;(5)Under the dual effects of self narrative construction and external symbol construction,disabled siblings gradually form a mechanism of positive identification and development pressure dilemma.