铁路运营期碳排放特征及减排路径思考

Thinking on Carbon Emission Characteristics and Emission Reduction Path in Railway Operation Period

铁路运输与其他运输方式相比有着“运量大,碳排低”的特点,将在未来交通运输业实现“双碳”目标的过程中发挥重要作用。研究发现,铁路行业运营期碳排放占全生命周期的80%以上,其中牵引供电占60%左右,非牵引供电占40%左右。以中国北方某铁路局集团为例,分析了35个站段碳排放特征,发现机务段与客运车站碳排放量高于其他站段,其中铁路车站的碳排放来源主要包括通风空调、照明系统、商业广告三大功能单元。通过敏感性分析发现,铁路运营期碳排放量对电力排放因子、化石燃料使用量更加敏感,提出铁路运营期采用新能源替代、运营期系列关键节能减碳技术替代和智慧化能效-碳管控系统是实现碳减排和碳中和的重要途径。

Compared with other modes of transportation, railway transportation has the characteristics of “large volume and low carbon emission”, which will play an important role in the future transportation industry to achieve the goal of “double carbon”. The study found that the carbon emissions of railway industry during operation period accounted for more than 80% of the whole life cycle, including about 60% of traction power supply and about 40% of non-traction power supply. Taking a railway bureau in northern China as an example, the carbon emission characteristics of 35 stations in 12 railway stations were analyzed. It was found that the carbon emission of locomotive depot and passenger station was higher than that of other stations. The carbon emission sources of railway stations mainly included ventilation and air conditioning, lighting system and commercial advertising. It is pointed out that the important ways to realize carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization are to replace railway operation with new energy, replace series of key energy saving and carbon reduction technologies and intelligent energy efficiency-carbon tube control system.