普速道岔动力学响应测试研究

Research on Dynamic Response of Normal Speed Turnout

为研究普速铁路12号单开道岔在列车载荷下关键区域的动力学响应特征,结合岔区动力学性能的特点,对渝怀铁路一组普速道岔进行现场试验,通过在道岔转辙器区尖轨、导曲线部分和辙叉区叉心位置布置测点,利用动态响应采集系统采集应力-应变和振动加速度信号,并通过轮轨力标定系统反演轮轨作用力,从时域和频域两方面揭示轮轨作用力和振动加速度响应特征。试验结果表明,列车机车通过道岔转辙器区和辙叉区时会产生轮轨作用力和振动加速度峰值,其中直向过岔时辙叉区轮轨垂向力峰值约为150 kN,叉心处垂向振动加速度峰值约为400 m/s^(2),主频为295 Hz,振动能量较为集中;侧向过岔时转辙器区轮轨横向力峰值约为70 kN,尖轨处横向振动加速度峰值约为60 m/s^(2),主频不明显,振动能量在频域内分布较分散,叉心处振动加速度主频集中在450~500 Hz内。脱轨系数呈现先降低后升高的趋势,最大值为0.64,出现在转辙器区。

In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of No.12 single turnout in the key area under the train load, on-site tests are carried out on one set of normal speed turnout on the Chongqin-Huaihua Railway based on the characteristics of the dynamic performance of the turnout zone. Test points are set up at the switch point rail, the guiding curvet and the frog center. The dynamic response acquisition system is used to collect stress-strain and vibration acceleration signals, and wheel-rail force and vibration acceleration response characteristics are revealed in terms of time domain and frequency domain through the wheel-rail force inverted by wheel-rail force calibration system. The test results show that the train locomotive will produce wheel-rail force and peak vibration acceleration when passing through switch and frog areas. The peak wheel-rail vertical force in the frog area is about 150 kN, the peak vertical vibration acceleration at the center of the turnout is about 400 m/s^(2), and the main frequency is 295 Hz. The vibration energy is more concentrated. The peak wheel/rail lateral force in the switch area is about 70 kN when the train passes the turnout by the side, the peak lateral vibration acceleration at the point rail is about 60 m/s^(2), and the main frequency is not obvious. The vibration energy is distributed in the frequency domain is more dispersed, and the vibration acceleration main frequency at the turnout center is concentrated in the range of 450 to 500 Hz. The derailment coefficient tends to decrease first and then rise with a maximum value of 0.64 in the switch area.