孤独症个体语言障碍的神经电生理及影像学研究进展

Neuroelectrophysiology and Neuroimaging Progress on Language Disorders in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder

神经电生理的研究结果表明,孤独症个体在加工语言相关信息时会出现大脑右偏侧化、脑白质和皮质功能发育异常、θ波异常等;孤独症个体不缺乏语义加工的能力,但表现出语义加工速度慢、视觉语义加工优于词汇语义加工的特点。影像学研究结果表明,孤独症个体的脑部激活区域较少,脑部语言区域的神经功能连接性较低,整合性差;孤独症个体的左顶叶灰质体积和杏仁核体积明显偏大,颞平面体积小,顶叶下小叶内有较强的右偏侧化;孤独症个体的脑部结构不完整,语言加工依赖的区域不同,存在语言偏侧化现象。

This paper analyzes the achievements of neuroelectrophysiology and neuroimaging techniques in exploring the neural mechanism of language disorders in autistic individuals. The results of neuroelectrophysiology studies indicate that autistic individuals may experience rightwards brain lateralization, abnormal white matter and cortical functional development, and θ wave abnormalities during language processing;autistic individuals do not lack the ability of semantic processing, but they show the characteristics of slow semantic processing, visual semantic processing superior to lexical semantic processing. Neuroimaging studies show that individuals with autism have less activation of brain regions, and the neural functional connectivity and integration of language regions of the brain are low;The gray matter volume and amygdala volume in the left parietal lobe are significantly larger, PT volume is small, and there is strong rightwards lateralization in the inferior parietal lobule in autistic individuals;the brain structure of autistic individuals is incomplete, and language processing depends on different regions, resulting in language lateralization. These results have certain reference value for the evaluation, education and intervention of autistic individuals’ language.