长时间中等强度足球运动对儿童执行功能及社会性发展的影响

The Influence of Long Time Moderate Intense Football Training on Children’s Executive Function and Social Development

探讨足球运动对小学生执行功能与社会性发展的影响,为运动促进小学生体育核心素养养成提供理论依据和实践基础。本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验法、数理统计法等方法,以小学三年级学生为研究对象,进行长时间中等强度的足球运动干预,测量干预后小学生执行功能与社会性发展的变化情况,并对干预效果进行讨论分析。结果发现:(1)执行功能方面,实验组抑制能力、刷新能力、转换能力任务干预后正确率显著提高,差异具有统计学意义(T值分别为-3.653,-2.430,-3.578,P<0.05),且具有显著性差异。干预后反应时显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(T值分别为2.240,7.017,5.295,P<0.05),且具有显著性差异。(2)儿童社会性发展方面,在遵守社会规则、社会认知、意志、内外向、依恋家人、同伴关系、独立性、同情助人、好胜心等维度上,干预后总分值(259.03±15.99)比干预前(240.15±17.56)提高,差异具有统计学意义(T=4.497,P=<0.05),具有显著性差异。(3)儿童执行功能与社会性发展的相关性研究结果显示,儿童执行功能中的转换功能与儿童社会性发展(P=0.04<0.05,R=-0.258)显著相关。研究表明:长时间中等强度足球运动对儿童执行功能具有促进作用,有利于儿童社会性发展中遵守社会规则、社会认知、意志、内外向、依恋家人、同伴关系、独立性、同情助人、好胜心等维度的优化,有利于促进体育与健康学科核心素养的养成。

This paper tries to explore the impact of football on primary school students’executive function and social development,and provide theoretical and practical basis for sports to promote the development of primary school students’sports core literacy.The authors,using the methods of literature,questionnaire,experiment,mathematical statistics and other methods,and the third grade primary school students as research objects,analyze a long time moderate intense football intervention,measurement of the executive function and social development of primary school students after intervention,and the intervention effect.The results showed that:(1)in terms of executive function,the correct rate of inhibition ability,refresh ability and conversion ability in the experimental group was significantly improved after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(T=-3.653,-2.43,-3.578,P<0.05).After intervention,the reaction time decreased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant(T=2.240,7.017,5.295,P<0.05).(2)In terms of children’s social development,the total score after intervention(259.03±15.99)was higher than that before intervention(240.15±17.56)in the dimensions of social rules observance,social cognition,will,introversion,attachment to family,peer relationship,independence,sympathy and help,and competitiveness,and the difference was statistically significant(T=4.497,P=<0.05).(3)The correlation between children’s executive function and social development showed that the conversion function in children’s executive function was significantly correlated with children’s social development(P=0.04<0.05,R=-0.258*).This study shows that moderate intense long time football training plays a promoting role in children’s executive function,and is advantageous to the children social development in such aspects as obeying the rules of society,social cognition,will,introversion and extroversion,family attachment,peer relations,independence,compassion and helping others,and competitiveness.It is also conducive to promoting the development of core literacy of sports and health disciplines.