“数理批评”与《娇娜》考论(上)——一个初创理论的简说与新证

On “Mathematical Criticism” and Textual Criticism of “Jiao Na” (the first half)——A Brief Statement and New Proof of a Start-up Theory

“文学数理批评”简称“数理批评”,是指就文学作品的“物之难”求其“数之理”的研究,由笔者于2002年前后提出,至今在各类文学研究中都已有所应用。学者称之为“最富创造性,堪称独步的研究”;“杜贵晨先生的文学数理批评”“理论”,乃百年来文学理论研究中少有的“中国制造”。本文简介其说,并以《聊斋志异·娇娜》之“数理批评”为例,作深入探讨。考论《娇娜》“倚数”编撰之种种表现,认为《娇娜》以“求友”—“得腻友”为主题实即以道家“得一”为旨;其拟《老子》“孔德之容,惟道是从”为总体构思框架,设“孔生”求友为“一以贯之”,与“娇娜”为“一阴一阳”,更与诸皇甫为“三而一成”或“一与多”之数的错综复杂,构成孔生以“得腻友”娇娜为“得一”即“明道”的数理体系;其中隐含作者之自况与人生理想。其体系之建构、人物之设置与情节、细节描绘大略分别倚《周易》之《屯》《蒙》《需》《讼》诸卦象及“三极”“四时”“中”“圆”之数;又有多从姓名设喻,频用“三复情节”之特点。这些内容显示“数理批评”须遵循“适用”“务实”“求真”“审美”等四原则。本文进一步证明“数理批评”有源有本、可论可行,与传统文学之“形象批评”相辅相成、相得益彰。

“Mathematical criticism” refers to the study of seeking the “reason of number” from the “difficulty of things” in literary works, which was put forward by Du Gui-chen around 2002. This paper gives a brief introduction to his theory, and takes “mathematical criticism” of “Jiao Na” from Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio as an example to make an in-depth analysis of its theme, image system, plot setting, detailed description and so on. The analysis shows that “mathematical criticism” must follow the four principles of “applicability”, “pragmatism”, “truth-seeking” and “aesthetics”. In addition, this paper further proves that “mathematical criticism” is original and feasible, and complements the “image criticism” of traditional literature.