越南民族主义形成中的历史构建

The Historical Construction in the Formation of Vietnamese Nationalism

法国、日本和美国的殖民统治是激发越南民族主义形成的外部力量,以儒教为代表的传统文化和文字的统一成为其民族主义形成的“内聚力”及推手,在此过程中越南民族精英则发挥了引领作用。在民族主义促使下,胡志明提出“越南民族是一个整体”,为了迎合这一口号,越南史学界提出民族起源的“本土”说以凸显历史的独特性和自发性,将历史上中越关系构建为“侵略”与“反侵略”以强化民众对国家的认同意识,在民族历史书写中彰显越南古代文明成就以增强民族自信心。在国家主导下,雄王信仰不断高涨,试图将全国各民族纳入到通过雄王符号构建起来的认同体系之中。越南将民族历史的客观性置于民族国家构建需求之下的主观性叙述,也体现出一定的民族主义色彩。

The colonial rule of France,Japan and the United States provided the external force stimulating the formation of Vietnamese nationalism,and the unification of traditional culture and writing,represented by Confucianism,became the“cohesion”and driving force for the formation of nationalism.In this process,Vietnamese national elites have played a leading role.Under the influence of nationalism,Ho Chi Minh proposed that“the Vietnamese nation is a whole”.In keeping with that slogan,Vietnamese historians put forward the“indigenous theory”of national origin in order to highlight the uniqueness and spontaneity of history,and constructed China’s relationship with Vietnam in history as“aggression”and“anti-aggression”to strengthen people’s identification with the country.As a result,in the history writing,the ancient civilization achievements of Vietnam are constantly highlighted to enhance national self-confidence.Under the leadership of the State,the belief of Hung Vuong is rising constantly,in an effort to bring all nationalities into the identity system constructed on the symbol of Hung Vuong.Vietnamese subjective narrative that puts the objectivity of national history under the demand of national-state building embodies nationalism to some extent.