英国高校种族歧视问题探析

An Analysis of Racial Discrimination in Colleges and Universities in the UK

英国是一个多民族、多宗教的国家,种族关系问题是其无法回避的重要社会问题。在英国,种族歧视作为种族问题最主要的表现形式,已经渗透进教育、就业、医疗、住房等社会生活的各个领域,严重影响了社会公平。随着高等教育师生群体族裔结构的日益多样化,当前英国大学校园的种族歧视现象日趋严重,对少数族裔师生的日常生活、心理健康、教育成果和职业生涯等方面均造成显著的负面影响。英国高校的种族歧视现象既具备现代西方国家种族主义的一般特征,又体现出高校这一特殊人文环境的独特一面。尽管英国政府已制定并实施了一系列法律法规应对种族歧视问题,但绝大多数高校在反种族歧视的实践上却依然存在明显落差。造成英国高校种族歧视盛行的原因主要在于反种族歧视立法上的缺陷、高校的种族主义文化、校方对种族歧视的放任以及受害者的沉默。

The issue of racial relations has been an unavoidable facet of social concern in the UK,which is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country.Racial discrimination,as a major manifestation of racial issues,has penetrated into almost all aspects of social life,such as education,employment,health care,housing and so on,thus aggravating social inequality.With the growing diversity of ethnic composition in higher education,racism has been getting increasingly severe on campuses in the UK,exerting negative impacts on those ethnic minorities in terms of daily life,mental health,educational achievement and professional career.Racial discrimination in British universities not only has the general characteristics of modern Western racism,but also reflects the unique aspect of the humanistic environment in higher education.Although the British government has developed and implemented laws and regulations to tackle the issue of racism,most colleges and universities have done too little in practice.The causes of the widespread racism in British higher education mainly lie in the defects of anti-racial discrimination legislation,the racist culture on campus,as well as the schools’inaction on racial discrimination and the silence of the victims.