农村儿童溺水利益相关者优先倾向干预措施的定性分析

Qualitative Analyses of Stakeholder-preferred Interventions for Drownings of Children in Rural China

目的了解利益相关者对农村儿童溺水干预措施的认识和偏好,为提出适用于中国农村地区儿童的溺水干预措施提供参考依据。方法组建专题小组进行半结构式访谈,采用Nvivo 12及主题框架分析法进行定性资料的编码和分析。结果宣传教育是最受利益相关者偏好和认可的溺水干预措施,成人利益相关者其次偏好的干预措施分别为在溺水高发时间对溺水高发地点进行巡查、树立警示牌、设置护栏、乘船时穿着救生衣、为学龄前儿童提供远离水域的安全场所并提供适当的儿童照护。由于经济条件、设施及场地缺乏等因素,在现有条件下为学龄儿童提供正规的游泳课程、普及安全救援和心肺复苏技能难以推行。结论基于农村地区的实际条件,利益相关者优先倾向实施低成本、专业技术和基础设施低要求的干预措施,对制定符合当地实际有效可行的综合干预策略具有参考价值,需进一步完善和充分发挥低成本干预措施的作用,多方引资促进有效干预措施的推行。

Objective Stakeholder-preferred interventions of children’s drownings in rural areas of China were investigated to provide recommendations for effective interventions.Methods Focus groups were formed to conduct semi-structured interviews,and qualitative data were coded and analyzed by Nvivo 12 and thematic analyses.Results Publicity and education were the most preferred and approved drowning intervention by adult stakeholders.The second preferred intervention was to patrol high-risk sites during high-incidence times,followed by warning signs,posting of guardrails,wearing of life jackets while boating,and provision of safe places away from water and supervision for pre-school children.Due to the shortage of financial support,facilities and venues,it was difficult to provide formal swimming lessons for school-age children and to popularize safety rescue and cardiopulmonary resuscitation trainings.Conclusions Based on the actual conditions in rural areas,stakeholders gave priorities to low-cost intervention measures that do not require much professional skill,cost and infrastructures.It is valuable to formulate effective and feasible intervention strategies according to local conditions.It is also necessary to improve low-cost intervention measures and to promote effective intervention measures by attracting investment from multiple sources.