初中生伤害相关知识与危险行为现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors for Injury-related Knowledge and Risk Behaviors among Junior High School Students

目的分析初中生伤害相关知识与危险行为现状及其影响因素,为初中生的伤害行为干预提供科学参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方法选取2所初中在校生,调查伤害相关知识与行为及影响因素。采用t检验、方差分析和趋势方差分析进行统计分析。结果共回收有效调查问卷1099份,其中男生581人(52.87%),女生518人(47.13%)。初中生伤害相关知识平均得分为(14.24±2.83)分,伤害相关知识知晓率最低为儿童安全座椅的适用年龄(5.91%)、煤气中毒的处理方法(18.38%)以及犬咬伤后狂犬疫苗的最佳注射时间(37.76%)。伤害相关危险行为平均得分为(50.13±12.19)分,危险行为发生率较高的为运动前不检查运动器械是否安全(64.79%)、骑车不戴头盔(63.24%)以及玩轮滑、滑板车等运动时不戴护具(62.78%)。是否为独生子女,不同年级、成绩、父母文化程度的初中生,伤害相关知识得分与危险行为得分的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别的伤害相关知识得分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而伤害相关危险行为得分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论初中生缺乏伤害相关知识与危险行为高发生率的情况不容忽视,应根据初中生伤害相关知识与危险行为现状及其影响因素,针对不同性别、年级、成绩、父母文化程度与家庭状况的学生采取针对性的干预措施。

Objective To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of injury-related knowledge and risk behaviors among junior high school students and to provide scientific references for health education and intervention in injury prevention.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from 2 junior middle schools to Investigate their injury-related knowledge,behavior and influencing factors.The statistical methods of t test,ANOVA and trend ANOVA were used.Results A total of 1,099 valid questionnaires were collected,including 581(52.87%)boys and 518(47.13%)girls.The average score of injury-related knowledge was 14.24±2.83.Only 5.91%of students knew the applicable age of child safety seat.The awareness rates of the treatment method of gas poisoning and of the best injection time after dog bites were only 18.38%and 37.76%,respectively.The average score of injury-related risk behaviors was 50.13±12.19points.The top three risk behaviors were:not checking the safety of sports equipment before exercise(64.79%),riding without helmet(63.24%),playing roller skating,scooters and other sports without protective gear(62.78%).There were significantly statistical differences in the scores of injury-related knowledge and risk behaviors among middle school students with different grades,academic performance,whether they were the only children,and educational level of their parents(P<0.05).Significant difference was also observed in injury-related knowledge among different genders(P<0.001),while the difference for risk behaviors was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Lack of injury-related knowledge and high incidence of risk behaviors among junior high school students should not be ignored.According to current situation and influencing factors,targeted intervention methods should be adopted for students with different genders,grades,academic performance,parental education levels and family status.