城市生产率优势来源:劳动力市场与技能匹配互动

Exploring the Source of Urban Productivity Advantage:The Interaction between Labor Market and Skill Matching

本文将集聚理论与匹配理论整合在一个框架内,深入劳动力技能匹配这一微观视角,考察劳动力市场厚度对城市生产率的影响效应以及劳动力市场厚度通过影响技能匹配导致城市生产率变动的传导机制。本文将中国工业企业数据与地级市数据对接,以就业密度、工业企业数量以及产业多样化三个指标度量劳动力市场厚度,运用技能匹配函数估算技能匹配率。实证研究发现,随着劳动力市场变“厚”,城市生产率随之提高;劳动力市场厚度通过提升技能匹配效率来推动城市生产率提高的传导机制是存在的。劳动力市场厚度对城市生产率的影响存在较为显著的异质性,其中,对小城市生产率提高的影响效应最大,其次是大城市和中等城市。这主要源于大城市劳动力市场厚度“规模效应”已没有太大的提升空间,而小城市尚未达到“合理规模区间”。本文的研究结果对于优化城市发展格局、化解劳动力市场风险,从根本上促进城市高质量发展具有重要的政策启示。

This paper investigates the effect of labor market thickness on urban productivity and the transmission mechanism through from the micro perspective of skill matching.The theory of aggregation and the matching are integrated in a framework.The data of industrial enterprises in China are combined with the data of prefecture-level cities,and the labor market thickness is measured by employment density,the number of industrial enterprises and industrial diversification,and skill matching function is used to estimate skill matching rate.The empirical study shows that as the labor market becomes thicker,the urban productivity increases,and the transmission mechanism exists that the labor market thickness promotes the urban productivity growth by promoting the efficiency of skill matching.The effect of labor market thickness on urban productivity has obvious heterogeneity,among which the effect on productivity growth of small cities is the biggest,followed by big cities and medium-sized cities.This is mainly due to the "Scale effect" of labor market thickness in big cities has not much room for improvement,while small cities have not yet reached "reasonable scale range".The results of this paper have important policy implications for optimizing urban development pattern,resolving labor market risks and promoting urban high-quality development.