发达国家职教教师资格准入制度的建设经验与启示——以美、英、德三国为例

Construction experience and enlightenment of qualification access system for vocational education teachers in developed countries:Taking United States,Britain and Germany as examples

美、英、德三国职教教师资格准入制度各具特色,分别形成了“选择性”“市场化”“双元制”的职教教师资格准入制度。这三国职教教师资格准入制度的基本经验包括:从立法层面完善职教教师资格准入标准;将专业标准作为职教教师准入的关键依据;注重理实融合,相互促进;强化对职教教师资格的动态化考核;实施传统与替代融合的多样化认证途径。借鉴发达国家的建设经验,我国应加快完善职教教师资格认证体系、健全职教专业教学标准、构建“双师型”教师的准入标准、设置多元化的认证条件、建立兼职职教教师资格准入制度等,以加强职教教师准入制度建设。

The qualification access system for vocational education teachers in the United States,Britain and Germany has its own characteristics,forming a system of“selectivity”“marketization”and“dual system”respectively.The common experience of the qualification access system for vocational education teachers of the three countries include improving the qualification access standards for vocational education teachers from the legislative level,taking professional standards as the key basis for the access of vocational education teachers,emphasizing the integration of theory and practice and promote each other,strengthening the dynamic assessment of the qualifications of vocational education teachers,and implementing diversified certification approaches that integrate traditional and alternative ways.Drawing on the construction experience of developed countries,our country should speed up the construction of the qualification system for vocational education teachers,perfect professional teaching standards of vocational education,construct the access standards for double qualified teachers,set up diversified certification conditions,establish the qualification access system for part-time vocational education teachers,so as to strengthen the construction of the qualification access system for vocational education teachers.