成年监护“尊重意愿”和“最佳利益”原则的冲突与协调

Conflict and Coordination of the Principles of“Respecting Will”and“Best Interests”in Adult Guardianship

成年监护的基本原则为尊重意愿原则和最佳利益原则,二者相辅相成,互为补充。尊重意愿原则和最佳利益原则在《民法典》中的含义和优先适用次序不明确,在成年监护中极易产生冲突,表现为:指定监护人产生冲突;监护资格撤销与恢复存在冲突;监护人履职产生冲突。明确以尊重意愿原则为主,最佳利益原则为补充的优先次序,不仅契合社会实践需求,亦有充足的法理依据。为此,对《民法典》第三十、三十一、三十五、三十六、三十八条出现的尊重真实意愿和最有利于原则的含义进行充分解释,以协调尊重意愿原则和最佳利益原则产生的冲突。

The basic principles of adult guardianship are the principle of respecting will and the principle of best interests,which complement each other.The meaning and priority of the principle of respect for will and the principle of best interests in The Civil Code are not clear,which is easy to conflict in adult guardianship,which is manifested as:the conflict of appointed guardians;There is conflict between revocation and restoration of guardianship qualification;Conflicts arising from the performance of guardians’duties.A clear priority based on the principle of respect for will and supplemented by the principle of best interests not only meets the needs of social practice,but also has sufficient legal basis.For this reason,fully explain the meaning of respecting the true will and the principle of the best interest in articles 30,31,35,36 and 38 of The Civil Code,so as to coordinate the conflict between the principle of respecting the will and the principle of the best interest.