争衡与权力:董其昌的仿古之路

Competition and Power——Dong Qichang’s Way of Painting in the Manner of the Ancients

董其昌的仿古方式与前人贴近原作的摹仿有着极大差别,其仿作大多与原作不相似,甚至也几乎看不出摹仿的痕迹。董其昌在仿古绘画上往往会精挑细选自己认可的画史范例加以摹仿,为他自己定下的正统脉系提供权威支持。董其昌的仿古作品大多体现了区别于晚明之前的一种新的仿古理念和方式,这种创造性的摹仿既是临仿,又是创作。董其昌提出并实践了一套可以与赵孟頫“古意” 相抗衡的创意性摹仿的话语,意欲成为规则的重新制定者。

Dong Qichang’s way of painting in the manner of the ancients differed greatly from that of his predecessors.Most of his works in this style are not similar to the original works and barely reveal any traces of imitation.In his paintings,Dong Qichang often selected and imitated examples of painting history which he personally approved of,so as to provide authoritative support for the orthodox system he himself had defined.Dong Qichang’s works in the manner of the ancients do all reflect a new concept and method different from works created before the late Ming dynasty.Such works are both imitations and original creations.Dong Qichang proposed and practiced a set of creative-imitative concepts that could rival Zhao Mengfu’s "archaism",thus presenting himself as a redefiner of the rules of the game.