汉画山形冠来源与含义新探

A New Probe into the Origin and Meaning of the Mountain-shaped Hat in Han Paintings

汉代画像人物形象中常见山形冠。佩戴山形冠者可分为古代帝王、神仙、历史人物、祥瑞神兽等不同身份。山形冠为王权象征,或为通天冠上金博山的图像化表现。此类型冠冕为东汉明帝时期冠冕改革的结果,其造型来自蓬莱三神山与昆仑山,象征来自周朝礼制的天子山冕。通过对佩戴山形冠的人物进行分类,可探究出山形冠为王者之冠。

Mountain-shaped hats are common in Han portraits.Those who wore them can be classified in different categories according to their respective identities,such as ancient emperors,deities,historical figures,and auspicious animals.The mountain-shaped hat may be understood as a symbol of kingship,or a graphic representation of Jinbo Mountain placed atop the scholar-official’s headgear.This type of headgear is the result of the reform instigated by the Ming Emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty,and its shape comes from the Three Sacred Mountains of Penglai,the fabled abode of the immortals,and Mount Kunlun,thus symbolizing the crown worn by the emperor during the Zhou dynasty.By distinguishing the different classes of individuals who wore the mountain-shaped hat,it may be found that this was in fact a monarch’s crown.