对梅洛-庞蒂知觉经验理论有效性的反思与批判

Reflection and Criticism on the Validity of Merleau-Ponty’s Theory of Perceptual Experience

由于缺乏政治意识形态分析、工具理性批判和公共交往视野,梅洛-庞蒂的知觉经验理论将生活世界简化为概念语词,忽视了知觉经验在受到侵蚀污染时可靠性的丧失,这使得他的影像分析仅停留在视觉观感或心理体验层面,无法揭示出影像的丰富内涵。如果将知觉经验理论和理性认知思维置于主客二元分立的视域下,二者就会呈现出矛盾对立的态势;但若置于多元主体间交互、开放的视域下,二者就会呈现出异质共存、优势互补的特性。

Due to its lack of political ideology,rational instrumental criticism,and a vision of public communication,Merleau-Ponty’s theory of perceptual experience was separated from the context of social life,a fact which caused his psychological perceptual analysis of movies come to a halt at the level of image perception or impressional experience.Corroded and unreliable perceptual experience alone is far from enough to reveal the rich spiritual content of the act viewing.If the theory of perceptual experience and intellectual cognition are only placed in a perspective of the duality of subject and object,they will lead to a situation of contradiction and opposition.However,if they are placed in a perspective of interaction and openness between their respective subjects,the characteristics of heterogeneous coexistence and complementary advantages will be made manifest.