湿法回收废旧锂离子电池有价金属的研究进展

Review on hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries

随着新能源汽车产业的发展,废旧锂离子电池数量急剧增加,从废旧锂离子电池中回收有价金属可有效缓解我国重要战略金属(Ni,Co,Mn,Li等)对外国的依赖度,解决废旧锂离子电池带来的资源浪费和环境污染问题.在众多回收技术中,湿法冶金回收被认为是目前最合适的回收技术.本文介绍了湿法回收技术的浸出工艺,对于不同类型的浸出剂进行了归纳总结,分析了各浸出剂的优缺点,其中采用“H_(2)SO_(4)+H_(2)O_(2)”体系回收有价金属,由于具有回收率高、反应速率快、不产生二次污染、对设备耐腐蚀性能要求低等优点,是现阶段公认的相对成熟的回收工艺.同时介绍了本课题组采用低共熔溶剂(DESs)浸出有价金属的最新研究进展,并提出未来废旧锂离子电池回收的研究方向和主攻重点.该文专为纪念和感谢陈清如院士为矿物加工,特别是干法选煤基础研究与技术开发所做的杰出贡献和终身成就而撰写,以此表达我们对陈清如院士的崇高敬意.

With the development of the new energy vehicles industry,the number of spent lithium-ion batteries has increased sharply.The recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries can effectively alleviate the dependence on foreign countries for important strategic metals(Ni,Co,Mn,Li,et al.),as well as reducing resource waste and environmental pollution.Hydrometallurgical recovery is considered to be the most suitable recycling technology among the many recycling technologies.This paper introduces the leaching process of hydrometallurgy technology for battery recycling and summarizes different types of leaching agents and their advantages and disadvantages.A combination of H_(2)SO_(4)and H_(2)O_(2)to recycle valuable metals is believed to be a relatively mature recycling process at this stage due to its high recovery rate,fast reaction rate,no secondary pollution and low requirements for equipment corrosion resistance.The latest research progress on leaching valuable metals using deep eutectic solvents(DESs)in our group is also introduced.The research direction and main focus for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in the future are put forward.We dedicate this review to academician Qingru Chen to express our respect for his lifelong research contributions to advancing the field of mineral processing,especially in the fundamental research and technological development of dry coal preparation.