日本出土的“西州续命汤方”木简医方传承考辨

Textual Research on Heritage of the Wooden Slip Prescription of Xizhou Xu Ming Decoction Unearthed in Japan

日本飞鸟京迹苑池出土的“西州续命汤方”木简医方,经考证或为日本“飞鸟时代”(593—710)最初的都城飞鸟京的遗物,或为仿3世纪亲魏倭王卑弥呼得到的三国魏帝的制书,当传承于西汉在高昌屯戍时创立的“西州续命汤方”。通过梳理传世“续命汤”“大小续命汤”“西州续命汤”的形成过程,认为它们的祖方当为“西州续命汤”,并经推演考辨张仲景的“麻杏石甘汤”当化裁于“西州续命汤”。

The wooden slip prescription of Xizhou Xu Ming Decoction, unearthed at Jiyuan Pond of Asuka in Japan, has been identified as a relic of Asuka, the original capital of Japan during the Asuka Period(A.D. 593-710), and it may be an imitation of bookbinding version obtained by Japanese King of Himiko from the Emperor of Wei in the Three Kingdoms Period. The prescription is believed to be inherited from the Xizhou Xu Ming Decoction created by the garrison army at Gaochang in the Western Han dynasty. Through sorting the formation process of Xu Ming Decoction,Major Xu Ming Decoction, Minor Xu Ming Decoction and Xizhou Xu Ming Decoction, it was found that they all originated from the same prescription of Xizhou Xu Ming Decoction. The authors also proved that Zhāng Zhòngjǐng’s Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction was derived from Xizhou Xu Ming Decoction with reasonable deduction and textual evidence.