湖南洞庭湖区蝶类群落多样性动态及其影响因素分析

Diversity Dynamics of Butterfly Communities and Analysis of Its Influence Factors in Dongting Lake Region,Hunan Province

为掌握湖南洞庭湖区蝶类的多样性及其与生境的相关性,在2018年4—10月对岳阳地区6种生境的蝴蝶进行了连续观测。共记录和采集蝴蝶4511头,经鉴定隶属于5科36属50种,其中,蛱蝶科种类最多(21种,占42.00%),灰蝶科次之(9种,占18.00%),凤蝶科和粉蝶科各7种(占14.00%),弄蝶科6种(占12.00%)。区系组成分析表明:广布种31种(占62.00%),东洋种18种(占36.00%),古北种1种(占2.00%)。不同生境的蝶类多样性存在差异,其中,针阔叶混交林生境的汨罗神鼎山(A5)的蝶类物种丰富度最高(5.422),优势度指数最低(0.092);而农田生境的岳阳建新农场(A2)的蝶类物种丰富度最低(2.086),优势度指数最高(0.738)。菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)为农田、小型湖泊、典型草原和人工幼林生境的优势种,分别占样线个体数的85.70%、76.12%、44.91%和35.78%;连纹黛眼蝶(Lethe syrcis)为常绿和落叶阔叶林的优势种,占样线个体数的25.24%;酢浆灰蝶(Pseudozizeeria maha)为典型草原生境的另一个优势种,占样线的33.73%。不同生境的蝶类多样性在各月份间呈现时序动态变化(春季和秋季的蝶类物种丰富度较高),同时,受植被类型、人为干扰和气象条件等因素的影响。

To master the butterfly diversity and its correlation with habitats in the Dongting Lake region,butterflies in six habitats in Yueyang,Hunan,were investigated from April to October 2018.A total of 4511 butterflies were recorded and collected,which belong to 50 species in 36 genera and 5 families.Among them,Nymphalidae has the largest number of species(21 species,accounting for 42.00% of the total number),followed by Lycaenidae(9,18.00%),Papilionidae and Pieridae(7 each,14.00%,respectively),and Hesperiidae(6,12.00%).Faunal distribution analysis showed that there were 31 widely distributed species(62.00%),18 Oriental species(36.00%)and 1 Palaearctic species(2.00%).The species diversity of butterflies in the different habitats was obviously different.In the needle-and broad-leaved mixed forest(A5 Shending Mountain in Miluo City),the butterfly species richness was the highest(5.422),and the dominance index was the lowest(0.092),while in the farmland habitat(A2 Jianxin Farm in Yueyang City),butterfly species richness was the lowest(2.086),and the dominance index was the highest(0.738).Pieris rapae was the dominant species in the farmland,small lake,typical grassland and young plantation habitat(85.70%,76.12%,44.91% and 35.78% of the sample number,respectively).Lethe syrcis was the dominant species of evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest(25.24% of the sample number).Pseudozizeeria maha was another dominant species in typical grassland(33.73% of the sample number).The diversity of butterfly communities in different habitats showed temporal dynamic change,with higher species richness in spring and autumn,and was also influenced by vegetation type,human disturbance and meteorological factors.