孤独症个体出走行为及其干预策略的研究综述

A Review of Research on Elopement Behavior of Individuals with Autism and Intervention Strategies

出走行为会威胁到个体的生命安全。孤独症个体的出走行为具有发生地点的随机性和外显动作特征的多样性,高发群体为5-12岁的孤独症儿童与60岁之后的老年孤独症个体,出走行为发生的概率与年龄大致呈现“U型”曲线关系。研究发现孤独症个体的核心症状及共病表现与出走行为存在显著相关,对所处环境的感知觉异常及不良体验也容易诱发孤独症个体的出走行为。在出走行为的初期阶段,通过前事控制等应用行为分析策略能有效降低离座行为的发生概率;而在出走行为的后期阶段,使用电子屏障设备和教授安全技能等方法应对个体走出安全空间的行为,效果同样显著。

Elopement behavior threatens individuals’ safety. The elopement behavior of individuals with autism has a random occurrence of location and a variety of manner descriptions, and the most fragile groups are children aged 5-12 and elderly individuals aged over 60. The probability of the behavior shows a “U-shaped” curve relationship with age. Studies have found that the core symptoms and comorbidities of individuals with autism and their abnormal perception of the environment make them more likely to have this behavior than ordinary individuals. In the early stage of elopement behavior, applied behavioral analysis strategies such as antecedent control can effectively reduce the probability of out-of-seat, while in the later stage, the use of intelligent devices such as electronic tracking to cope with the behavior of individuals stepping out of the safe space is equally effective.