高等教育教学数字化转型的核心要素分析——基于学校、专业与课程的视角

Analysis on the Core Elements of Digital Transformation in Higher Education Teaching and Learning——From the Perspectives of Institution, Academic Program and Curriculum

高等教育教学体系是一个复杂的动态系统,需要系统研究和推进数字化转型。该文从学校、专业和课程三个层面,分析了教学系统的数字化转型,探讨了转型过程中涉及的核心要素和发展特征。在学校层面,分析了目标与规划、组织机构、政策与规范、支持服务、技术环境、人员数字化能力、文化氛围等要素,发现转型过程具有长期性和阶段性特征,且在不同阶段有不同的着力点。在专业层面,发现转型体现为其人才培养从特定性转向连通性、专业领域从封闭性转向开放性、专业办学从独立性转向协同性、专业认证从僵化转向灵活的趋势。在课程层面,发现课程目标、课程内容、教学活动、学习评价与反馈、教师、学生和教学环境等要素的内涵及其关系都将发生变化。在三个层面讨论的基础上,提出了相应的策略并对未来研究进行了展望。

The teaching and learning of higher education is a complex and dynamic system that requires systematic research and promotion of digital transformation. The digital transformation of the teaching and learning is analyzed at three levels: institution,academic program and curriculum, and the core elements and developmental characteristics involved in the transformation process are discussed. At the institutional level, elements such as goals and planning, organization, policies and norms, support services, technical environment, digital competence of personnel, and cultural atmosphere are analyzed, and it is found that the transformation process is characterized by long-term and phased feature, and there are different points of emphasis at different stages. At the academic program level, the transformation is found to be refiected in the trend of its field shifting from closed to open, the characteristics of program operation shifting from independence to collaboration, and degree accreditation shifting from rigidity to fiexibility. At the curriculum level, it is found that the connotations of the elements of curriculum objectives, curriculum content, teaching activities, learning assessment and feedback, teachers, students and teaching environment and their relationships will change. Based on the discussion at the three levels, corresponding strategies are proposed and an outlook on future research is provided.